=~ — VOLUME 2 NUMBER 4 1987
QUEENSLAND HERBARIUM DEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRIES BRISBANE
AUSTROBAILEYA
na , ISSN 0155-4131
QUEENSLAND HERBARIUM DEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRIES SRISBANE
VOLUME 2 NUMBER 4
1987 75738—S.R. HAMPSON, Government Printer, Queensland—1987
CONTENTS
The Genus Pseuduvaria Pe Panera in Austraha L.W. Jessup | } née beatae eo tl
Racosperma deitoideum (Cunn. ex G.Don) Pedley (Leguminosae: Mimo soideae) and related species in northern Australia L. Pedley Liat acta ek, Haun eg at eee 2 ts
Notes on Racosperma Martius (Leguminosae: sinha cas L. Pedley aaa is il seks wae Sou opulete Meee oi! ays aa
Notes on Sapindaceae, V S.T. Reynolds... .. .
Two new species of Notelaea Vent. KOlgnceney from south-eastern Queensland G.P. Guymer .. . . Pet oc. rr
Racosperma Martius (Leguminosae: suaianians in Senne a checklist L. Pedley py at, Ee sy EF ty ee PLR ge h E R ge LS Racosperma Martius (Leguminosae:
checklist L. Pedley
Mimosoideae) in New Zealand: a
Rediscovery and status of Adiantum whitei of Ee abel eee. P.D. Bostock eA es
Revision of the Australian Vitaceae, 2. aaeinian Juss. B.R. Jackes. ia one et bet oe oe
Annotated checklist of + Seupensta Hepaticae J, Windolf . SET ace ade
Studies on the Australian Asclepiadaceae, Il. A new combination in Gymnema R.Br.
P.I. Forster.... .
Three new species of Bonamia Thouars (Convolvulaceae) from Central Australia R.W. Johnson... ..
Two new species of Convolvulus L. (Convolvulaceae) from South Australia R.W. Johnson. . Sal ary deel a Oe ara Leeda Eins REO els Bele ORBIT Tecate A new species of Jsotropis Benth. and a new record of Daviesia Smith (Fabaceae: Mirbelieae) from Queensland M.D. Crisp. 2 tig Heese Way (te abet
NOTES
Paramignya Wight EIRP Leikonci in Australia L. Pedley
Book Review
Corrigendum
Page
307
314
321
328
339
344
358
360
365
380
401
405
408
412
416 417 418
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Austrobaileya 2(4): 307-313 (1987)
THE GENUS PSEUDUVARIA MIQ. (ANNONACEAE) IN AUSTRALIA
L.W. Jessup Queensland Herbarium, Meiers Road, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068
Summary
Three new ae and one new variety in Pseuduvaria Mig. from north-eastern Queensland are described. They are P. hylandti, P. villosa, P. mulgraveana vat. mulgraveana and P. mulgraveana var. glabrescens.
The palaeotropical genus Pseuduvaria currently with about 35 species was first proposed by Miquel (1858) but remained in obscurity following inclusion in Mitrephora by Bentham and Hooker (1862) until Merrill (1915) proposed its recognition and made several new combinations. Sinclair (1955, 1956) and others accepted Merrill’s viewpoint and published additional species.
In Australia, Mueller (1887) followed the Bentham and Hooker concept when describing Mitrephora froggattii F.Muell. from Queensland. This species was transferred to Pseuduvaria by Jessup (1986). Three new species and one new variety, all from north- eastern Queensland, are here described.
Living plants of all species were studied. Floral and fruit measurements provided were taken from material preserved in spirit.
PSEUDUVARIA
Pseuduvaria Miquel, Fl. Ind. Bat. 1(2): 32 (1858). Type: Pseuduvaria reticulata (Blume) Miquel based on Uvaria reticulata Blume.
Dioecious shrubs or trees. Leaves with slightly curved, + parallel secondary veins; tertiary venation scalariform-reticulate. Flowers cauline, ramal, axillary or sometimes terminal, solitary or several, sometimes many in fascicles. Pedicels slender, slightly tapering, thickened towards the flower; bracts 2, basal and submedial or suprabasal; articulation between the bracts. Calyx lobes 3, valvate. Petals 6, in 2 series, valvate, outer 3 larger than calyx lobes, spreading or reflexed; inner 3 larger than outer, each with a trullate, broadly thombic or obtrullate blade and a narrow claw; blade margins coherent forming a trifenestrate dome-like cap; blades with 2 raised glands on inner surface; claw shorter than blade. Torus rounded, pilose. Male flowers: stamens ca 60, truncate-cuneate: connective flat-topped, concealing anthers. Female flowers: staminodes usually 6-18. Ovaries numerous, the peripheral ones incurved; ovules few, superposed; stigma sessile, depressed capitate with an adaxial radial slit. Ripe monocarps sessile in Australian species. Seeds 1-several, transverse ellipsoid with a circumferential groove.
Distribution: The genus is distributed through Burma, Indo-China and Malesia to Papua New Guinea and Australia.
Key to Species
1. Pedicels eri mm MES submedial bract 1.2-3 mm ant Testa rugose....... cn eer at 2
Pedicels 30-50 mm long; submedial bract 0.5-1 mm + ane Testa scrobiculate .......... oes Aas Bia eee oath Ne by; 3
2. Flowers in cauline many-flowered fascicles as well as ramal and axillary; pedicels rabont tia mm sO Glands on inner sears PED raised, discrete ....... | . . .1. P. froggattii
Flowers ramal and axillary, sai or up to 4 per fascicle; pedicels 7-11 mm long. Glands on inner petals slightly raised, contiguous2. P. hylandii
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3. Calyx lobes broadly ovate to depressed ovate, 1.5-2.2 mm long. Outer petals obovate, suborbicular or depressed obovate, obtuse or very shortly acuminate, 6~8 mm X 6—8 mm. Leaf undersurface and petiole hirtellous, glabrescent ........................ 3, P. mulgraveana
Calyx lobes ovate or triangular, 2.5-4 mm long. Outer petals broadly
ovate, acute or acuminate, 10-15 mm x 8-10 mm. Leaf undersurface and petiole villous .............................. 4 P. villosa
1. Pseuduvaria froggattii (F. Muell.) Jessup, Austrobaileya 2(3): 227 (1986).
Mitrephora froggattii F.Muell., Australas. J. Pharm. 2: 3 (1887). Syntypes: Mossman River, Qlid., in 1886, W.Sayver 145 MEL 670807, W.Sayer 145 & W.Froggatt MEL 670808, W. Sayer MEL 670809 (all MEL).
Tree to 8 m high and 15 cm d.b.h. Innovations pubescent, glabrescent. Leaves elliptic to lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous. Lamina 10-20(-30) cm x 3-7(-9) cm; base obtuse or rounded, rarely acute; midvein sunken above, raised below; secondary veins mostly 7-10 pairs. Petiole grooved above, 4-10 mm long, glabrous. Inflorescence cauline, ramal or axillary in males, cauline or ramal in females; many-flowered fascicles if cauline or ramal, or flowers solitary or few if axillary. Flowers + pendulous; pedicels 15-32 mm long, puberulent; submedial bract 1.2-2 mm long. Calyx lobes broadly ovate or subor- bicular, obtuse or shortly acuminate, 2-3 mm long, puberulent outside, glabrous inside. Outer petals spreading, broadly obovate to suborbicular, obtuse or rounded, 9-9.5 mm x 7.5-8 mm, puberulent, glabrescent outside, glabrous inside. Inner petals puberulent outside, glabrous inside; dome 8.5-12 mm long and 9-12 mm diameter; blades 7-12 mm wide; glands prominently raised, discrete. Male flowers: stamens 0.6-1.1 mm X 0.7-0.8 mm. Female flowers: ovaries ca 38, pilose; ovules 2 or 3. Ripe monocarps obovoid-ellipsoid or ovoid, 15-20 mm long, puberulent, orange-yellow. Seeds 1 or 2; testa rugose, brown. Fig. 1.
Specimens examined, Queensland. CooK DISTRICT: Pilgrim Sands, NW of Cape Tribulation, 16°04’S, 145°27’E, Nov 1984, Jessup 611 (BRLK,L,MEL,MO), 612 (BRILK,L,MO,QRS,U), Sep 1980, AfcKenzie (BRI); Oliver Creek, 16°06’S, 145°27’E, May 1972, Webb & Tracey 11590 (BRI), 16°08’S, 145°27’E, Oct 1979, Gray 1540 (BRI,QRS); i6°00’S, 145°25’E, Oct 1975, Hyland 3337 R.F.K. (BRI,QRS); Portion 62 Alexandra, 16°10’S, 145°2S’E, Dec 1972, Hyland 6611 (BRI,QRS), Dec 1973, Hyland 7173 (BRI,QRS), Oct 1975, Hyland 8481, 8482 (BRI,QRS); Stewart Creek, Upper Daintree, 16°2-’S, 145°1-’E, Jan 1983, Sankowsky 248, 249 & Sankowsky (BRI); Intake, Mossman, 16°27'/S, 145°22’E, Sep 1948, Smith 3968 (BRI); Mossman Gorge, Oct 1964, Schodde 4162 (BRI); Mossman River near entrance to Mossman Gorge National Park, 16°28’S, 145°21’E, Dec 1982, Jessup 543 (BRI,U), 546 (BRI,MEL), 547 (BRI,NSW), 548 (BRI,CANB); near lookout beside road from Julatten to Mossman, 16°33’S, 145°24’E, Dec 1982, Jessup 542 (BRI).
Distribution and Habitat: This species is recorded from north of Cape Tribulation to just south of Mossman, in northern Queensland and occurs as a subcanopy tree in mesophyll vine forest on lowlands and foothills on colluvia and metamorphics.
2. Pseuduvaria hylandii Jessup, sp. nov.
Arbor usque 13 m alta. Folia lanceolata vel elliptica, interdum oblanceolata, acuminata vel acuta, glabra. Lamina 6-15(—20) cm longa et 2—6 cm lata; basi acuta interdum obtusa. Petiolus 4-5 mm longus. Inflorescentia ramala, axillaris vel terminalis; flores solitari vel in fasciculis usque 4. Pedicelli 7-11 mm longi, puberulenti; bractea submedia 2-3 mm longa, subamplectens. Lobi calycis depressi ovati breviter acuminati, exter puberulenti intra glabni. Petala exteriora late depressa ovata vel suborbicularia obtusa vel rotundata, 5.5-6 mm longa et 6-7 mm lata, exter pubescentia intra glabra. Petala interiora exter velutinosa intra glabra; tholus 9.5-14 mm longus et 8-10 mm diametro; laminae 6.5-8 mm latae. Flores masculi: stamina 0.7-1 mm longa et 0.6-0.8 mm lata. Flores feminei: ovaria circa 28, pilosa; ovula 2. Monocarpia matura obovoidea vel subglobularia, 17~—23 mm longa, puberulenta glabrescentia, armeniaca. Semina 1-2; testa rugosa, brunnea. Typus: Timber Reserve 1230, Boonjee Logging Area, 17°22’S, 145°44’E, 6 Oct 1977, B.Gray 731 (male) (holo: BRI; iso: QRS).
Tree to 13 m high and 30 cm d.b.h. Innovations puberulent, glabrescent. Leaves lanceolate or elliptic, sometimes oblanceolate, acuminate or acute, glabrous. Lamina 6-15(—20) cm x 2-6 cm; base acute, sometimes obtuse; midvein sunken above, raised below; secondary veins mostly 7-10 pairs. Petiole + channeled above, 4-15 mm long, glabrous. Inflorescence ramal, axillary or terminal; flowers solitary or in fascicles of up to 4. Pedicels 7-11 mm
309
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Fig. 1. Pseuduvaria froggattii. A. cauline inflorescence (Jessup 546) X 2. B. female flower with inner petals removed (Jessup 546) X 2. C. inner petals (Jessup 546) X 2. D. fruit Jessup 612) X 1. E. L.S. monocarp with 2 seeds (Sankowsky 248) X 1. P. Aylandii: F. inflorescence (Gray 731) X 2. G. male flower with inner petals removed (Gray 731) X 2. H. inner petals (Gray 731) x 2. I. fruit (Hyland 7192) x 1. J. L.S. monocarp with 2 seeds (Hyland 7192) X |.
310
long, puberulent; submedial bract 2-3 mm long, semi-clasping. Calyx lobes depressed ovate, shortly acuminate, 2-3.5 mm long, puberulent outside glabrous inside. Outer petals broadly or depressed ovate or suborbicular, obtuse or rounded, 5.5-6 mm X 6-7 mm, pubescent outside, glabrous inside. Inner petals velutinous outside, glabrous inside; dome 9.5-14 mm long and 8-10 mm diameter; blades 6.5-8 mm wide; glands slightly raised, contiguous. Male flowers: stamens 0.7-1 mm X 0.6-0.8 mm. Female flowers: ovaries ca 28, pilose; ovules 2. Ripe monocarps obovoid or subglobular, 17-23 mm long, puberulent, glabrescent, orange-yellow. Seeds | or 2; testa rugose, brown. Fig. 1.
Specimens examined. Queensland. Cook District: State Forest Reserve 310, Swipers Logging Area, 17°15/S, 145°45’E, Oct 1968, Hyland 1986 R.F.K. (BRI); West Muigrave River, 17°20’S, 145°47’"E, Nov 1982, Jessup 536 (BRI,K,QRS,U); Timber Reserve 1230, Boonjee Logging Area, 17°22’S, 145°44’E, Oct 1977, Gray 731 (BRI,QRS); 17°24’S, 145°45’E, Sep 1976, Hyland 3443 R.FLK. (BRI,QRS); 17°25’S, 145°45’E, Oct 1973, Hyland 2914 R.F.K. (BRI,QRS); Dec 1973, Hyland 7155 (BRILQRS); Feb 1974, Hyland 7192 (BRI,QRS).
Distribution and Habitat: This species is known to occur only in the upper catchments of the Mulgrave and Russell Rivers, in northern Queensland and occurs in mesophyll vine forest on soils derived from metamorphics, sometimes basalt enriched.
Affinities: P. hylandii appears most closely related to P. froggattii and differs by being not cauliflorous, by shorter pedicels, larger floral bract, smaller petals, and inner petal glands being only slightly raised and contiguous.
Etymology: The species is named in honour of Mr. B.P.M. Hyland of Atherton who collected the first specimens in 1968.
3. Pseuduvaria mulgraveana Jessup, sp. nov.
Arbor usque 7 m alta. Folia lanceolata oblanceolata obovata vel raro elliptica, acuminata vel interdum acuta, supra glabra vel hirtella infra glabrescentia. Lamina 5-16 cm longa et 2~7 cm lata; basi rotundata interdum parum cordata et asymmetrica. Petiolus 2-4 mm longus, hirtellus. Flores axillares, terminales vel superi ramali, pendentes solitari vel increbre 2 vel 3 invicem maturantes. Pedicellii 30-40 cm longi, puberulenti; bractea submedia 0.5~1 mm longa. Lobi calycis late ovati ad depressi ovati, obtusi acuti vel breviter acuminati, 1.5~2.2 mm longi, exter puberulenti intra glabri. Petala exteriora obovata suborbicularia vel depressa obovata, obtusa vel breviter acuminata, 6-8 mm longa et 6-8 mm lata, exter puberulenta intra glabra. Petala interiora exter puberulenta intra glabra; tholus 10-14 mm longus et 10.5-13 mm diametro; laminae 10-12 mm latae. Flores masculi: stamina 1.1-1.3 mm longa et 0.8—-1 mm lata. Flores feminei: ovaria circa 28, pilosa; ovula 1 vel 2. Monocarpia matura obovoidea rotundata vel breviter acuta, 15-22 mm longa, puberulenta, armeniaca. Semina 1-2; testa scrobiculata, por- phyrea. Typus: Queensland, Cook District: Goldsborough State Forest, Mulgrave River, 17°1S’S, 145°46’S, 11 Dec 1984, L.W Jessup 746 (male) (holo: BRI; iso: K,L,QRS).
Misapplied name: Mitrephora froggattii auct. non F.Muell.; B.P.M.Hyland, A Card Key to the Rainforest Trees of North Queensland. Department of Forestry, Queensland (1971); A Revised Card Key to the Rainforest Trees of North Queensland, CSIRO, Melbourne (1982); J.G.Tracey, The Vegetation of the Humid Tropical Region of North Queensland, CSIRO, Melbourne (1982).
Tree to 7m tall and 10cm d.b.h. Branchlets + flexuose. Innovations puberulent or villous with light brown hairs. Leaves lanceolate, oblanceolate, obovate or rarely elliptic, acuminate or sometimes acute, glabrous or hirtellous above, sparsely hirtellous, giabres- cent below. Lamina 5-16 cm X 2-7 cm; base rounded, sometimes slightly cordate and asymmetric, midvein sunken above, raised below; secondary veins mostly 7-10 pairs. Petiole nearly flat above, 2-4 mm long, hirtellous. Flowers axillary, terminal or upper ramal, pendulous, solitary or frequently 2 or 3 maturing successively. Pedicels 30-40 mm long, puberulent; submedial bract 0.5-1 mm long. Calyx lobes broadly ovate to depressed ovate, obtuse, acute or shortly acuminate, 1.5-2.2 mm long, puberulent outside, glabrous inside. Outer petals obovate, suborbicular or depressed obovate, obtuse or very shortly acuminate, 6-8 mm X 6-8 mm, puberulent outside, glabrous inside. Inner petals puberulent outside, glabrous inside; dome 10-14 mm long and 10.5-13 mm diameter; blades 10-12 mm wide. Male flowers: stamens 1.1-1.3 mm X 0.8—1 mm. Female flowers: ovaries ca 28, pilose; ovules 1 or 2. Ripe monocarps obovoid, rounded or shortly pointed, 15-22 mm long, puberulent, orange. Seeds 1 or 2; testa scrobiculate, red-brown. Fig. 2.
311
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Fig. 2. Pseuduvaria villosa: A. flower Gessup 472 & Tracey) x 2. B. male flower with inner petals removed (Sankowsky 464) X 2. C. single inner petal (lessup 472 & Tracey) X 2. D. leaf (Jessup 472 & Tracey) X 1/2. P. nulgraveana var. mulgraveana: E. flower (Jessup 746) X 2. F. female flower with inner petals removed (Jessup 604) X 2. G. single inner petal (Jessup 604) x 2. H. fruit (Sankowsky 356) * 1. J. L.S. monocarp with 2 seeds (Sankowsky 356) X 1. J. leaf (Jessup 604) X 1/2. P. mulgraveana var. glabrescens: K. flower (Jessup 592) X 2.
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Two varieties are recognised 3a. P. mulgraveana var. mulgraveana
Branchlets and petioles hirtellous; lamina hirtellous on both surfaces, longer and more densely so along the veins on the lower surface.
Specimens examimed. Queensland, Cook DisTRICT: Goldsborough State Forest, Mulgrave River, 17°13’S, 145°46’E, Feb 1982, Jessup 483 (BRI,L,QRS), 483A (BRI); 17°14’S, 145°46’E, Nov 1982, Jessup 534 (BRD, Nov 1984, Jessup 604 (BRI), 606 (BRD, 607 (BRI, oe MO,QRS); IT 14/S, 145°46E, Dec 1984. Jessup 746 (BRI,K,L, ORS). National Park Reserve 226 (Harvey Creek), 17°15'S, 145°50’ E, Jan 1972, Hyland 5787 (BRI,QRS); Harvey Creek, Mar 1922, White (BRI); without date or collector AQ210630 (BRD; Bellenden Ker, Jan 1923, White (BRI): Miriwinni, near Mt Bartle Frere, in 1962, Webb & Tracey 6680 (BRD).
Distribution and Habitat: This variety is found from the Mulgrave River to Miriwinni, northern Queensland and occurs on alluvial terraces and footslopes in mesophyll vine forest on soils derived from several mixed parent materials.
3b. P. mulgraveana var. glabrescens Jessup, var. nov. differt ab P. mulgraveana var. mulgraveana indumento ramulorum et petiolorum brevissimo sparso et laminis glabrescentibus. Typus: Queensland, Cook District: near Shoteel Creek, Clohesy River, 16°56’S, 145°36’E, 27 Nov 1984, L.W.Jessup 590 (female) (holo: BRI; iso: A,BRICANB,K,L,MEL,MO,NSW,QRS,U).
Distinguished from P. mulgraveana var. mulgraveana by the indumentum of the bran- chiets and petioles being very short and sparse and the glabrescent leaves.
Specimens examined. Queensland. Cook District: Black Mountain road, N of Kuranda, Oct 1986, Sankowsky 546 (BRI), near Shoteel Creek, Clohesy River, 16°56’S, 145°36’E, Nov 1984, Jessup 590 (A,BRI,CANB,K,L,MEL,MO,NSW,QRS,UV), 592 (BRLK,L,QRS), 594 (BRI): Freshwater Creek, near Cairns, Jun 1928, Francis (BRI): Cairns, in 1897, Nugent 188 (BRI); no date, Manski AQ210840 (BRI); Davies Creek, 17°05'S, 145°35'E, Aug 1954, Smith 5254 (BRI): in 1962, Webb & Tracey 7382 (BRI,CANB ORS); Lock Creek, ca 12 miles (20 km] along Davies Creek Forestry Road, Oct 1962, Smith 12064 (BRI): end of Davies Creek Road, Jan
1962, Webb & Tracey 5600 (BRI); State Forest Reserve 607, 17°05’S, 145°35’E, Oct.1967,.-Hyland-3795 (BRD;
State Forest Reserve 675, East Mulgrave Logging Area, 17° 05'S, 145° 40'E, Dec 1976, Hyland 9252 (BRI,QRS), 9253 (BRI,QRS); Jan 1977, Gray 268 (BRLQRS); State Forest 185, Danbulla, 17°O7'S, 145° 37’E, Nov 1982, Jessup
538 (BRI); Danbulla, 17°09’S, 145°37’E, Sep 1949, Byrne 2 (BRI).
Distribution and Habitat: This variety is found from just north of Kuranda to Little Mulgrave River, in northern Queensland and occurs on uplands and foothills extending in places down to lower footslopes in notophyll vine forest mostly on soils derived from granite and metamorphic rocks.
Affinities: P. mulgraveana appears most closely related to P. villosa and both varieties differ from it by obovate to depressed obovate and shorter outer petals and the abaxial leaf surfaces being hirtellous, glabrescent.
Etymology: The valleys of the Mulgrave and Little Mulgrave River form a significant and central part of the species’ distribution.
The Francis collection from Freshwater Creek was annotated by C.T.White sometime after 1930 with the following note: ‘should say M. froggattii after examination of the types C.T.W.’ This incorrect determination led to the subsequent misapplication of the name Mitrephora froggattii to this species by Queensland botanists.
4, Pseuduvaria villosa Jessup, sp. nov.
Frutex vel arbor usque 4 m alta. Folia oblanceolata vel obovata, acuminata obtusa vel acuta, supra hirtella glabrescentia infra villosa. Lamina 8-20 cm longa et 2-7 cm lata; basi rotundata vel parum cordata. Petiolus 2-4 mm longus, villosus. Flores axillares terminales vel superi ramali, pendentes solitari vel 2 vel 3 invicem maturantes. Pedicelli 30-50 mm longi, villosi; bractea submedia 0.8-1 mm longa. Lobi calycis ovati vel triangulares, acuti 2.5-4 mm longi, exter pubescentes intra glabri. Petala exteriora late ovata, acuta vel acuminata 10-15 mm longa et 8-10 mm lata, exter pubescenta intra glabra. Petala interiora exter pubescenta intra glabra; tholus [1- 15 mm longus et 13-16 mm diametro; laminae 12-16 mm latae. Flores masculi: stamina 1.1-1.3 mm longa et 0.8-1 mm lata. Flores feminei: ovaria circa 40, pilosa; ovula | vel 2. Monocarpia matura obovoidea vel ellipsoidea, 15-20 mm longa, puberulenta, armeniaca. Semina | vel 2; testa scrobiculata, porphyrea. Typus: Queensland, Cook District: Crawford’s Lookout to Tchupalla Falls track, Palmerston National Park, North Johnstone River, 17°37'S, 148°47’E, 15 Feb 1982, Jessup 472 & Tracey (male) (holo: BRI).
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Shrub or small tree to 4 m high and 10 cm d.b.h. Branchlets + flexuose. Innovations densely covered with long soft pale brown hairs. Leaves oblanceolate or obovate, acuminate, obtuse or acute, hirtellous, glabrescent above, villous below. Lamina 8- 20 cm X 2-7 cm; base rounded or slightly cordate; midvein sunken above, raised below; secondary veins mostly 8-10 pairs. Petiole 2- 4 mm long, villous. Flowers axillary, terminal or upper ramal, pendulous, solitary or 2 or 3 maturing successively. Pedicels 30-50 mm long, villous; submedial bract 0.8-1 mm long. Calyx iobes ovate or triangular, acute, 2.5-4 mm long, ‘pubescent outside, glabrous inside. Outer petals broadly ovate, acute or acuminate 10-15 mm X 8-10 mm, pubescent outside, glabrous inside. Inner petals pubescent outside, glabrous inside; dome 11-15 mm long and 13-16 mm diameter; blades 12-16 mm wide. Male flowers: stamens |.1-1.3 mm X 0.8-—1 mm. Female flowers: ovaries ca 40, pilose; ovules 1 or 2. Ripe monocarps obovoid or ellipsoid, 15-20 mm long, puberulent, orange. Seeds 1 or 2; testa scrobiculate, red-brown. Fig 2.
Specimens examined. Queensland. COOK DISTRIcT: Berner Creek, Innisfail, Petrie 23 (BRI); Lower Palmerston Highway, W of Innisfail, 17°34’S, 145°45’E, May 1972, Webb & Tracey 11446 (BRD); Gregory Falls, Lower Palmerston via Innisfail, in 1962, Webb & Tracey 6595 (BRI); Crawford’s Lookout, 17°36’S, 145°47’E, Jan 1986, Sankowsky & Sankowsky 464 (BRI), 464A (QRS); Crawford’s Lookout to Tchupalla Falls track, Palmerston Nationa! Park, North Johnstone River, 17°37'S, 145°47’E, Feb 1982, Jessup 472 & Tracey (BRD, 472A (BRI,QRS); Palmerston National Park, North Johnstone River, {7° 36'S. 145°46’E, Dec 1984, Jessup 745 (BRI); Liverpool Creek, W of Silkwood, L7°44’S, 145°51’E, Dec 1984, Jessup 733 (BRI).
Distribution and Habitat: This species is found from the North Johnstone River to Liverpool Creek, in northern Queensland and occurs in the understorey of complex mesophyll vine forest on basalt derived soil or alluvial terraces formed substantially from basaltic parent material .
Affinities: P.viliosa appears most closely related to P.mulgraveana and differs from it by the broadly ovate, acute or acuminate outer petals and the abaxial leaf surfaces being conspicuously villous.
Etymology: The specific epithet refers to the long soft hairs on the leaves and branchlets.
Acknowledgements
I am grateful for the assistance of Garry and Nada Sankowsky in collecting specimens. Mr W.Smith produced the line drawings.
References BENTHAM, G. & HOOKER J.D. (1862). Genera Plantarum 1: 27. JESSUP, L.W. (1986). New Combinations in Australian Annonaceae. Austrobaileya 2(3): 227.
MERRILL, E.D. (1915). Studies on Philippine Annonaceae, !. The Philippine Journal of Science C. Botany 10(4): 254-256.
MIQUEL, F.A.G. (1858). Flora Indiae Batavae 1(2): 32.1859’.
MUELLER, F. (1887). New Australian Plants. Australasian Journal of Pharmacy 2: 3.
SINCLAIR, J. (1955). A revision of Malayan Annonaceae. The Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore \4(2): 149-516. SINCLAIR, J. (1956). Notes on New Guinea Annonaceae, Part 1. The Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 15(1): 4-13.
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Austrobaileya 2(4): 314-320 (1987)
RACOSPERMA DELTOIDEUM (CUNN. EX. G.DON) PEDLEY (LEGUMINOSAE: MIMOSOIDEAE) AND RELATED SPECIES IN NORTHERN AUSTRALIA
L. Pediey Queensland Herbarium, Meters Road, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068
Summary
New combinations are Racosperma deltoideum, R. adenogonium, R. froggattii, R. stipulosum and R. sublanatum, based on Acacia deltoidea Cunn, ex G.Don, A. deltoidea var. pungens Benth., A. froggattii Maiden, A. stipulosa F.Muell. and 4. sublanata Benth., respectively. All species are described. Notes on their geographic ranges and habitats in the extreme north of Western Australia and in the Northern Territory and a key to their identification are given. A. deltoidea is lectotypified.
If the treatment of Acacia Miller sens. lat. proposed by Pedley (1986) is accepted then species currently referred to Acacia subg. Phyllodineae Seringe will have to be transferred to Racosperma Martius. Though it would be desirable to make the transfers en masse, practical considerations dictate a piecemeal approach. As the results of revisionary studies are published individual authors will have to decide whether to include Racosperma in Acacia or to treat 1t as a distinct genus. Having argued for the latter course, I therefore make new combinations under Racosperma. Names are available for = the described taxa under Acacia, though in the case of one species only at varietal rank.
The species treated here constitute, with Racosperma pravifolium (F.Muell.) Pedley and R. amblygonum (Cunn. ex Benth.) Pedley, the Triangulares group of Acacia section Plurinerves in the classification of Pedley (1978). They have usually setaceous stipules and plurinerved broadly falcate-ovate or triangular phyllodes. The flowers are in globular heads, rarely spikes, on peduncles solitary in the axils. Maslin (1978) dealt with the 4- merous members of the Triangulares group of Acacia section Phyllodineae and sum- marised the various ways Bentham had treated Triangulares. The type species of Bentham’s original Acacia subseries Triangulares is the uninerved Acacia biflora R.Br. (syn. A. triangularis Benth.) (Pedley 1980). If the plurinerved species are considered to constitute a subseries different from the subseries 7riangulares with uninerved species, then it has no legitimate name. No attempt will be made to name or typify it here. A detailed infrageneric classification of Racosperma would be of considerable value and interest but requires an appraisal of approximately 750 species. Little can be achieved in taking a group of only five of these in tsolation.
Relationships of R. deltoideum and its immediate allies are not clear. The lobing of the calyxes and the striate corollas of some species, and the stipules of some suggest an affinity with species of Racosperma section Lycopodiifolia. The calyxes of R. aden- ogonium and R. deltoideum are similar, for example, to those of R. lycopodiifolium (Cunn. ex Hook.) Pedley and Acacia adoxa Pedley (see Fig. 1d & g, Pedley 1972). The characters may be the result of convergent evolution rather than an indication of true affinities but, as the affinities of the Lycopodiifolia are not at all obvious, the possibility of a relationship should not be dismissed.
Maiden (1920) when describing Acacia froggattii referred A. stipulosa to A. deltoidea and accepted A. /uehmannil. Bentham (1864) had identified some specimens of Robert Brown, allegedly collected in southern Australia, as A. sublanata, to which he referred A. pravifolia. Court (1972) pointed out that Brown’s specimens came from northern Australia and that A. sublanata and A. luehmannii were conspecific.
Distributions of species are given using the numbers of the map sheets of the 1:250 000 Topographic Map Series R502 produced jointly by the Divison of National Mapping and the Royal Australian Survey Corps.
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Key to Species 1. Leaves crowded on branchlets, narrowly oblong and obliquely curved or somewhat triangular-ovate, ‘the upper margin curved but not abruptly SO sez lasoveushlacsbnnnnaa dnberaxidsveacdddsaen cael biiehaed nashaca besdsheaueed ule ai tscana devhavedeeds ss 4, R. froggattii
Leaves not crowded, triangular, the lower margin + straight, the upper WITH BH ADIUDE CHEVECOT -AIBIG oc creccsporavavsestesea vghenseneditundenshtaviuateqaertuentaqeededentedeastins ZL.
2. Corolla 2.7—~4 mm long, calyx 2.3-3 mm long, both irregularly lobed with
UPSEG: 1 TO BES c: ccicbectusciennseseturensatinhe bonpe conden baadsawnsesasedetiGeleeatetesndaxs 3. R. stipulosum Corolla less than 2 mm and calyx less than 1 mm long, regularly 5- STACE QUES: 5, se ycrasecegsetencbSiegcieeshag et tocuwacetsatelas reece teach onsect eet ea sats ates Wtauh sa ntel ttn Badan took 3.
3. Branchlets with indumentum of white crisped hairs to 1 mm long. Pods linear, narrowed between the seeds, to 12.5 cm long, glabrous. Calyx Tee Aram ene co acacia sieramm Ab mie MN Seu OM eos 5. R. sublanatum
Branchlets with straight hyaline hairs and shorter glandular ones. Pods not narrowed between the seeds, to 6 cm long, with some long multicellular hairs. Calyx with linear lobes as long as or up to twice AS ONG AS, THE COPOUMES 25 2c. dociccesenursszncea ertctinty tbeehaasattauaeducedsshtignepsensileansiondatgblankeiys 4.
4. Phyllodes with gland at the angle conspicuously extruded, hairs not glandular. Calyx lobes with spreading hairs along the whole length. seeds tlongitudinal in the pod... eeecccseseesseseensseeceeees 2. R. adenogonium
Phyllodes with gland at the angle usually not conspicuously extruded, some hairs glandular. Calyx lobes with glandular hairs at tip only. NECOS (ANS VELSE Tit DGC eo pecs os aade ea wale hawsvelooush Scuctdadutinvnzehanipians 1. R. deltoideum
1. Racosperma deltoideum (Cunn. ex G.Don) Pedley, comb. nov.
Acacia deltoidea Cunn. ex G.Don, Gen. Hist. 2: 401 (1832); Bentham, Fi. Austral. 2: 378 (1864). Lectotype (designated here): Montague Sound, 3rd Voyage of ae ee in 1820, Cunningham 293 (holo: BM n.yv.: iso: K, PERTH, photographs OI DoT
Shrub to 3 m high. Branchlets with indumentum of gland-tipped hairs and longer (to 0.4 mm) straight hyaline hairs. Stipules 1.5 mm X ca 0.5 mm, indurated, acute with a distinct midrib, often horizontally orientated. Phyllodes + sessile, triangular, the lower margin usually only slightly curved, produced into a pungent point, the upper with a definite angle, a gland, usually inconspicuous and rarely projecting, at the angle, rather thick, 3 longitudinal veins and some coarsely anastomosing ones not conspicuous, truncate or slightly concave on the margin between the gland and the point, 3-12(-20) mm xX 1.6-5.6 mm, 1-3.5 times as long as wide, measured across the phyllode from the gland, the point 0.4—1.2 mm long, moderate indumentum similar to that of the stem. Heads of 30-40 flowers on peduncles 6—-9(-16) mm long, single in the axils, the receptacle sometimes slightly elongate, pubescent; bracteoles long-pointed, bent a little below the middle sometimes projecting beyond the buds. Flowers 5-merous. Calyx 1 mm long, the tube ribbed, the ribs produced into lobes about as long as the tube, membranous between the ribs, hairs + restricted to the tips of the lobes. Coroila ca 1.6 mm long, with hyaline hairs in the upper half. Stamens 3.5 mm long. Ovary minutely pubescent. Pod 6-8- seeded, flat, oblong, to 4 cm long, 8-10 mm wide on a stipe 4 mm long, indumentum of moderately dense, stiff, multicellular hairs to 0.9 mm long and much finer ones ca 0.3 mm long. Seeds arranged transversely, oblong, ca 5 mm X 2.5 mm; areole central ages ca 2 mm X 0.4 mm; funicle cream, thickened and folded twice beneath the seed. Fig. 2J-N.
Specimens examined. Western Australia. Above headwaters of Helby River, 14°41’S, 128°04’E, Mar 1978, Hartley 14819 (BRILCANB,PERTH); Euro Gorge, Drysdale River Nat. Park, 15° 08'S, 126°44E, Aug 1978, Kenneally 4363 (PERTH); Boomerang Bay, Bigge Is., Jun 1972, Marchant 72/ 116 (PERTH): Gorge, Lawley River, Jul 1921, Gardner 996 & 1496 (PERTH), & s.n. (NSW); ‘Montague Sound, Sep 1820, Cunningham (K, PERT H, photo): Boongaree Is., S side of Prince Frederick Harbour, 15°45’S, 125°10E, Jul 1973, Wilson 11372 (PERTH): Talbot
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Bay, 23 km SE of Cockatoo Is., 16°15’S, 123°44’E, May 1983, Fryxeli & Craven 3893 (BRI,CANB); Hidden Is., _ Buccaneer Arch., [16°15’S, 123°29’E, Jun 1982, Kenneally 8365 (PERTH); Sunday Is., Buccaneer Arch., 16°25’S, i23°i1’E, Jun 1982, Kenneally 8302 (PERTH), Nov 1906, ex Herb. Fitzgerald (NSW); Lachlan Is., Buccaneer Arch., 16°38’S, 123°29’E, Jun 1982, Kenneally 8326 (BRI, PERTH); Stewart River valley, ca 82 km NNE of Derby, 16°34’S, 123°29’E, Jul 1977, Telford 6310 & Butler (NSW); Manning Gorge, + 16°39’S, 125°55’E, Jun 1977, Maloney (NSW), George 15176 (PERTH); 40km SW of ‘Mt Barnett’ Stn, Phillips Range, 16°55’S, 125°48’E, sep 1976, Guymer 601 (NSW), Plain Creek, W of ‘Beverley Springs’ H.S., Aug 1974, George 12228 (PERTH), Kenneally 1988 (PERTH); Fitzroy River, in 1879, Forrest (NSW,PERTH), Kings Sound, in 1869, Hughes (MEL,NSW); N.W. Coast, Cunningham (K).
Distribution: Western Australia in Gardner Botanical District, on shallow soil derived from limestone (1:250 000 map sheets: D51-12,16; D52-9,10; E51~3,4).
Lectotypification of the name Acacia deltoidea is necessary. Don’s description of the species was probably based on a number of Cunningham’s collections at the British Museum (Natural History), including one now referred to Racosperma adenogonium. As the protologue could apply to either species the lectotype is chosen to ensure that the generally accepted application of the name Acacia deltoidea is unchanged.The Forrest specimen cited above, which originated from the National Herbarium of Victoria (MEL), was determined there as Acacia stipulosa. The determination was later confirmed by C.A.Gardner who annotated the PERTH sheet ‘Acacia stipulosa FvM/Agrees with the type’. This specimen or a duplicate may have been the source of the widespread belief that A. stipulosa and A. deltoidea were conspecific. Maiden (1920) placed A. stipulosa in the synonymy of A. deltoidea on the basis of the specimen ‘comm. Dr.F.Stoward’. Stoward who was botanist with the Department of Agriculture of Western Australia from 1911 to 1917 (Hall 1978) probably passed on to Maiden part of the specimen received from Melbourne.
Gardner 996 & 1496 appear to constitute a single collection. They were collected at the same place on the same day. Their phyllodes (2 cm long) are about twice as m5 as those of other specimens but certainly should be referred to R. deltoideum. Kenneally 8365 and Fryxell & Craven 3893 have a conspicuous projecting gland similar to that of R. adenogonium, but the floral structure and indumentum suggest that they should be placed in R. deltoideum. Another collection, Fitzgerald 1421 (Edkins Range, Aug 1905 - see Fig. 1J & K) is more aberrant. Its phyllodes are small, though within the normal size range, with a somewhat projecting gland, and can scarcely be described as triangular. Because of its glandular hairs it is placed in R. deltoideum. Its flowers are too immature to be of value in identification.
2. Racosperma adenogonium Pedley, nom. et stat. nov.
Acacia deltoidea var. pungens Bentham, London J. Bot. 1: 333 (1842). Type: Western Australia: Greville Is., Cunningham (holo: K).
Dense shrub to 2 m high. Branchlets with indumentum of moderate to dense spreading hairs, sometimes with some shorter glandular hairs, occasionally the indumentum becoming sparse and the glandular hairs conspicuous. Stipules indurated, curved upwards, 2.5-5.5 mm long, united at the base sometimes for a quarter of their length. Phyllodes + sessile, similar in shape to those of R. deltoideum but not as thick, the gland at the angle often conspicuously extruded, 3-6 iongitudinal nerves prominent, scarcely any anastomoses between them, 3-15 mm X 1.6-—7 mm, 1.5-3 times as long as wide, the point 0.5-2 mm long, indumentum of non-glandular hairs densest on veins. Heads of 40-60 flowers on peduncles 5-10 mm long, single in the axils, receptacle pubescent; bracteoles bent about one-third their length, narrowed into a long point with long hairs (0.2 mm long). Flowers 5-merous. Calyx 0.6—0.8 mm long, the tube glabrous, membranous with distinct ribs, the ribs produced into lobes as long as, or twice as long as the tube, hispidulous with hairs ca 0.3 mm long. Corolla 1.6-1.7 mm long, lobed to the middle, the lobes with a distinct midrib and hairs in the upper half. Stamens ca 3.5 mm long. Ovary minutely pubescent. Pod to ca 10-seeded, + flat though raised over the seeds, to 6 cm long, 8 mm wide, indumentum of sparse erect multicellular hairs to 0.7 mm long and denser finer ones about one-third as long. Seeds arranged + longitudinally, oblong, 5.5-6 mm X 3-3.5 mm; areole central, closed, pale, 2-3 mm X Q.6-0.8 mm; funicle cream, markedly thickened, folded twice beneath the seed. Fig.1E-I.
Specimens examined. Western Australia. Camden Harbour, Maitland Brown (MEL); Unwin Is., Brunswick Bay, 15°18’S, 124°48’E, Jul 1973, Wilson 11445 (PERTH); Augustus Is., 15°25’S, 124°35’E, May 1972, Wilson 10702 & s.n. (sterile) (PERTH); Regents River, Voyage of Bathurst, in 1821-2, Cunningham 323 (BM, n.v., PERTH, photo); Gibb River road, + 17 miles [27 km] N from turn-off to ‘Mt House’ Homestead, Jul 1974, Willis & Beauglehole (MEL,NSW,PERTH).
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Fig. 1. Racosperma stipulosum: A. flowering branchlet X 1. B. flower * 12. C. phyllode and stipules x 6. D. pod x | (all Latz 5329). R. adenogonium: E. flowering branchlet x 1. F. flower * 12. G. pod X |. H. seed X 4. 1. PE of Kenneally 1988). R. deltoideum (aberrant individual): J. branchlet * 1. K. phyllode x 6 (both Fitzgerald 1
Distribution: Western Australia in Gardner Botanical District, on sandy soil, usually on sandstone (1:250 000 map sheets: D51-16; ES1-4).
3. Racosperma stipulosum (F.Muell.) Pedley, comb. nov.
Acacia stipulosa F.Muell., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 3: 119 (1859). Type: Upper Victoria River, Mueller 71 (holo: MEL; iso: K).
Intricately branched shrub to 3 m high. Branchliets with indumentum of stiff spreading multicellular hairs and shorter gland-tipped ones. Stipules about two-thirds as long as the phyllodes, indurated, subulate, united for one-third to half of their length. Phyllodes crowded, + sessile, + triangular, the lower margin straight, produced into a pungent point, the upper curved or angled with a gland about midway or at the angle, sometimes projecting, thick, 4-6 longitudinal nerves apparent, 6-8 mm X 3-5 mm, 1.5-2.5 times as long as wide, the point 0.5-2 mm long, sparse indumentum similar to that of the
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stems. Heads of 30-40 flowers on peduncles about as long as the phyilodes, single in the axils; receptacle pubescent; bracteoles long-pointed, linear lanceolate, bent somewhat about the middle, projecting slightly beyond the open flower. Flowers with irregularly lobed calyx and corolla. Calyx 2.3-3 mm long, cartilaginous, ribbed, with stiff + spreading hairs ca 0.2 mm long particularly in upper half, lobes 8-11, 0. 5-1 mm long. Corolla 2.7-4 mm long with 7-8 uninerved lobes 0.6-0. § mm long, up to half as long again as the calyx, with short stiff spreading hairs on the back of the lobes. Stamens ca 4.5 mm long. Ovary glabrous. Pod up to 10-seeded, flat but raised slightly over the seeds, straight, obliquely veined, up to 8 cm long, 5-6 mm wide, with straight multicellular gland-tipped hairs, many of them 3 mm long. Seeds arranged obliquely, ca 4 mm long, 2 mm wide; areole closed, central, + square with a pale pleurogram; funicle folded 2-3 times, thickened into a basal aril. Fig. 1A—D.
Specimens examined. Northern Territory. VICTORIA RIVER DISTRICT: 74 km SW of ‘Victoria River’ Homestead, 16°47'S, 130°39’E, Jun 1978, Latz 5439 (BRI,PERTH); 26 miles [42 km] S of Hookers Creek—Birrindudu-Tanami Junction, Jul 1973, Maconochie 1741 (BRI,CANB,K,PERTH); 101 km from Tanami towards ‘Gordon Downs’,
19°26'S, 129°05’E, Aug 1971, Gittins 2375 (BRI, MEL); 25 miles [40 km] S of Hookers Creek Mission, Jun 1952, Perry 2916 (CANB); 34 miles [54 km] SW of Hookers Creek, Jul 1956, Chippendale NT 2257 (CANB, MEL); 37 miles [59 km] SW of Hookers Creek, May 1971, Maconochie 1120 (MEL ).
Distribution: Northern Territory in Victoria River District, on shallow soil on sandstone (1:250 000 map sheets: E52-4,12,15).
4. Racosperma froggattii (Maiden) Pedley, comb. nov.
Acacia froggattii Maiden, J. & Proc. Roy. Soc. New South Wales 53: 204 t.14 e -16) (1920). Type: Woollybutt Creek near Phillips Range, May 1905, Fitzgerald 981 (iso: MEL,PERTH).
Shrub to ca 1 m high. Branchlets terete with indumentum of moderately dense spreading hyaline hairs to 0.3 mm long, most of them gland-tipped. Stipules ca 1 mm long, brown setaceous with a few long hairs. Phyllodes crowded, often subfascicular on the branchlets, + sessile, narrowly oblong and obliquely curved or somewhat triangular-ovate, contracted into a short point, the upper margin curved with a small gland, with a narrow rim, at about the middle, but no abrupt angle at the gland, the margins nerve-like with about three other longitudinal nerves + conspicuous, 3.5-5.5 mm X 1.2-2.6 mm, 1.2—3.3 times as long as wide, the point 0.5—0.7 mm long, moderate indumentum simular to that of the stems. Heads of 30-40 flowers on peduncles 1-1.5 cm long, single in the axils; bracteoles with long pointed narrowly ovate laminas at an angle to the claws, about as long as the buds. Flowers 5-merous. Calyx 0.8-1 mm long, the tube ribbed, the ribs produced into setaceous lobes about as long as the tube, hairs confined to the lobes. Corolla 1.4-1.5 mm long, thick, striate, with hyaline hairs on the lobes. Stamens ca 3.5 mm long. Ovary glabrous. Pod with about 5 seeds, slightly raised over the seeds, linear, curved, 3.5—4 cm long, 4-5 mm wide, indumentum of moderately dense multicellular glandular hairs to 1 mm long and finer ones to 0.3 mm long. Seeds arranged longitudinally, oblong-cylindrical ca 6 mm X 2.5 mm; areole central, closed with a double pleurogram, “yi ane x 0.5 mm; funicle whitish, thickened and folded twice beneath the seed. Fig. Specimens examined. Western Australia. Artesian Ra. between Charnley River gorge and head of Walcott Inlet, Aug 1943, Davis (PERTH); Woollybutt Creek near Phillips Range, May 1905, Fitzgerald 981 (MEL, PERTH): 16 miles (26 km] SW of ‘Mt House’ Stn, Jul 1959, Lazarides 6450 (BRI,CANB, MEL ,PERTH). Northern Territory.
5 miles [8 km] ENE of ‘Coolibah’ Stn, Aug 1949, Perry & Lazarides 2699 (BRI,CANB,MEL, NSW,PERTH), near Fitzroy east of Timber Creek, Jun (977 Beswick B104 (BRI).
Distribution: Western Australia in Gardner Botanical District and the Northern Territory in the Victoria River District on shallow sandy soil derived from sandstone (1:250 000 map sheets DS52-16; E51-4,8).
5. Racosperma sublanatum (Benth.) Pedley, comb. nov.
Acacia sublanata Benth. in Endlicher et. al., Enum. PI.142 (1837); Court, Muelleria 2: 159 (1972). Type: Australia, Bauer Herb. Mus. Vind. 1837 (holo: K).
Acacia luehmannii F.Muell., Fragm. 11: 116 (1881), Iconog. Austral. Acacia, Decade | 7 (1887). Type: Liverpool River, B.Gulliver (holo: MEL; iso: K).
Spindly shrub to 2.5 m high, often much shorter and compact, reported to be semiprostrate in exposed situations near the sea. Branchlets terete with indumentum of white crisped
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319
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hairs to 1 mm long, occasionally dense and hiding the stems, Stipules setaceous, brown, 3-nerved at the base, 1(-2.5) mm long. Phyllodes sessile, deltoid, shining, glabrous or pubescent with hairs similar to those of the stem, 2.5-11 mm X 1.5-9 mm, 0.9-1.4 times as long as wide, the margins thickened, yellow, with 3-5 longitudinal nerves with some anastomoses between them, the lower margin straight or curved, produced into a point (0.5-)i-2 mm long, the upper margin + straight parallel to the stem then abruptly curved through more than 90° then straight again to the point, a small gland on the margin on or slightly below the abrupt curve. Heads usually of about 30 flowers but occasionally only 10 and rarely elongating into a dense spike ca 10 mm long, on peduncles with hairs similar to those of the stem, 7-10(-—20) mm long; bracteoles bent in the middle, cuneate at the base with a point longer than the flower buds. Flowers 5-merous. Calyx 0.7-0.9 mm long, rather membranous but with 5 ribs extending into short obtuse lobes, glabrous or sometimes with some hairs on the margin of the lobes. Corolla 1.5-1.8 mm long, glabrous. Stamens ca 3.5 mm long. Ovary densely pubescent. Pod with ca 10 seeds, straight, linear, convex over the seeds, and somewhat narrowed between them, glabrous, 12.5 cm long, 4 mm wide. Seeds arranged longitudinally, oblong, ca 6 mm long, 2.5 mm wide; areole central, open, 4.5 mm X | mm; funicle whitish, thickened and folded 2-3 times beneath the seed. Fig. 2F-I.
Specimens examined. Northern Territory. 88 km from Pine Creek, UDP Falls road, Jul 1973, Gittins 2667 (BRI); Gorge near Plumtree Creek, ca 47 miles [75 km] ENE of Pine Creek, Mar 1965, Lazarides & Adams 171 (BRI,CANB,MEL), Deaf Adder Basin, Jun 1972, Schodde A79 (BRI,CANB); East Alligator River, 12°47°S, 133°21’E, Jul 1972, Lazarides 7647 (BRILCANB); ca 16 km S of Oenpelli Mission, 12°29’S, 133°Q3’E, Jul 1973, Adams & Dunlop 2974 (BRI); 10 miles [16 km] W of Goomadeer turn, Oenpeili-Mangarida road, Jun 1974, Jacobs 1899 (CANB); 7 miles {11 km] E of Rum Bottle Creek, 12°04’S, 133°48’E, Jun 1972, Maconochie 1592 (BRI,CANB,MEL,PERTH); 5 miles (8 km] SW of BHP camp airstrip, 12°52’S, 135°15’E, Jun 1972, Maconochie 1489 (BRI,MEL,PERTH); 21 miles [33 km] E of Lake Evella, 12°45’S, 136°35’E, Jun 1972, Afaconochie 1519 (BRI,MEL), Mt Saunders, Gove, Oct 1971, Hinz in NT 33630 (BRI,MEL); Yirrkala, 12°12’S, 136°47’E, Jul 1948, Specht 758 (BRI,CANB,MEL); Groote Eylandt, Jul 1948, Specht 668 (BRI).
Distribution: The extreme northern part of the Northern Territory on sandy soils, sometimes shallow, usually on sandstone but recorded also from coastal dunes (1:250 000 map sheets: D53-1,2,3,4,5,8).
Bentham (1864) referred Acacia pravifolia to A. sublanata and recorded it as ‘South Coast, R.Brown’. Court (1972) clarified the matter after examining types and Brown material from northern Australia. A. pravifolia has straight hairs, smaller heads on shorter peduncles and obtuse broad-based bracteoles. In R. sublanatum there is considerable variation in the size of phyllodes from plant to plant but indumentum and floral characters show only a small range of variation, and there are no grounds for recognising infraspecific taxa.
The occurrence of plants with flowers in spikes rather than in heads is an example of how closely allied Acacia section Plurinerves and A. section Juliflorae are. These two sections have been combined as Racosperma section Plurinervia (Pedley 1986).
References BENTHAM, G. (1864). Acacia in Flora Australiensis Vol. 2, London: Reeve & Co. COURT, A.B. (1972). Notes on Australian acacias. Muelleria 2: 155-163. HALL, N. (1978). Botanists of the eucalypts. Melbourne: CSIRO.
MAIDEN, J.H. (1920). Notes on Acacia, No. IV, (with descriptions of new species). Journal & Proceedings of the Royal Soctety of New South Wales 53: 171-238.
MASLIN, B.R. (1978) Studies in the genus Acacia (Mimosaceae)-8. A revision of the Uninerves—Triangulares, in part (the tetramerous species). Nuytsia 2: 266-333.
PEDLEY, L, (1972). A revision of Acacia lycopodiifolia A. Cunn. ex Hook. and its allies. Contributions from the Oueensland Herbarium No. 11,
PEDLEY, L. (1978). A revision of Acacia Mill. in Queensland. Austrobaileya 1: 75-234. PEDLEY, L. (1980). A revision of Acacia Mill. in Queensland (concluded). Austrobaileya 1: 235-337. ‘1979’.
PEDLEY, L. (1986). Derivation and dispersal of Acacia (Leguminosae), with particular reference to Australia, and the recognition of Senegalia and Racosperma. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 92: 219-254.
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Austrobaileya 2(4): 321-327 (1987)
NOTES ON RACOSPERMA MARTIUS (LEGUMINOSAE: MIMOSOIDEAB), 1
L. Pedley Queensland Herbarium, Meiers Road, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068
Summary
R. armillatum, R. ommatospermum, R. paniculatum, and R. homalocladum (F.Muell.) Pedley, with which 2. paniculatum has been confused, are described. Flowers of R. fleckeri (Pedley) Pedley, are described for the first time. These are all members of the ‘Oligoneura group’ of Racosperma which is here defined. Other new species are R, meiosperrnum and R. polyadenium. All species are referred to Racosperma sect. Plurinervia.
Species of Acacia Miller subg. Phyllodineae (DC.) Seringe (A. subg. Heterophyllum Vassal) should be referred to the genus Racosperma Martius (Pedley 1986). Only a small proportion of the formal transfer of names has been made. A checklist of Queensland species is included in this volume (Pedley 1987).
Since publication of the revision of the Queensland species (Pedley 1978, 1980 as Acacia) several others have been described for the State (Pedley 1981, Pedley & Forster 1986). Five species from tropical Queensland are described here. All are referred to Racosperma sect. Plurinervia (Benth.) Pedley.
Racosperma meiospermum Pedley, sp. nov. floribus parvis, sepalis petalisque villosis instructis, phyllodiis crebris parallelis longitudinalibus nervis R. brassii (Pedley)
Pedley simulat; autem resina multer ramulorum apices versus phyilodus bre-:
vioribus secus axem brevem axillarem dispositis, leguminibus non moniliformibus seminibus parum brevioribus differt. Typus: Sandy Tate River, Feb 1928, Brass 1745 (holo: BRI; iso: CANB,K,MO).
Shrub to 3 m high, young branchlets angular, red-brown, resinous, sometimes with scattered hairs to 1 mm long, becoming grey and terete when old. Phyllodes Straight or slightly falcate, the lower margin + straight, the upper curved, covered with brown resin when young, losing it when older, 7-12.5 cm long, 2-3 cm wide, 3—5 times as long as wide, with many close parallel, non-anastomosing nerves, 3-5 more prominent than the rest; gland basal or almost so. Pulvinus 5-10 mm long. Stipules ovate, to 3 mm long when phyllodes first formed. Flowers in dense spikes 1.6-2 cm long, the rachis and peduncles with dense white hairs; peduncles 5 mm long, subtended by a striate concave bract to 3 mm long when young, arranged along an axillary axis, usually extremely short so that a group of 3-4 spikes is produced in each axil but occasionally the axis growing out into a leafy shoot with spikes well spaced along it. Flowers 5-merous. Calyx lobes narrowly oblong, slightly widened and thickened at the tip, free almost to the base, 1.5 mm long, villose with white hairs. Corolla lobes + free, 1.7 mm long, a few long hairs along the midline. Stamens 3-4 mm long. Ovary not seen (none present in flowers examined). Pods with up to 12 seeds, 8 cm long, 3 mm wide, obscurely longitudinally ribbed. Seeds 3.5 mm long, about twice as long as wide, longitudinally arranged; funicle creamy white, thickened and 2-3 times folded forming aril at base of seed; pleurogram fine, associated with pale area of seed coat; areole small with a narrow opening, about twice as long as wide. Fig. 1C~E.
Specimens examined. Queensland. Cook District: Near Lappa, 17°23’S, 144°48’E, May 1982, Ped/ey 4855 (BRI); Koorboora, 17°43’S, 144°48’E, Jan 1982, Pedley 4841 (BRI); Sandy Tate River lapprox. 17° 40'S, 144°40’E], Feb 1928, Brass 1745 (BRI, CANB, K,MO),.
Distribution: The species is confined to a small area about 40 km south-east of Chillagoe where 1t forms pure stands on shallow stony soils.
Notes and Observations: Young plants are pubescent and long hairs persist on the branches and phyllodes of some mature plants. The resemblance to R. brassii may not indicate a close relationship. The structure of the inflorescence suggests a relationship
ma, so Wa a a Ng
1 ERSSARAT card RRS A OS EER
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with R. juliferum, R. blakei and other species which have spikes arranged along an axillary axis. Most juliflorous species in section Plurinervia have spikes in pairs. This may be a derived condition, representing an extreme reduction of the axis.
Racosperma polyadenium Pedley, sp. nov. affinis R. drepanocarpo (F.Muell.) Pedley phyllodiis minus coriaceis 2-4 glandulis ornatis, calycibus parvioribus et legum- inibus parvioribus differt. Typus: Shaw Is., Lindeman Group, 6 Nov 1985, G.N. Batianoff 3354 & C. Dalliston (holo: BRI; ‘iso: K,MO,NSW).
Shrub or small tree; branchlets slender, angular, at first very resinous. Phyllodes straight or slightly falcate, reddish brown and resinous when young, losing resin when old, somewhat acute with callus tip, 40-85 mm long, 2.8-5 mm wide, 12-20 times as long as wide, longitudinal parallel nerves not crowded (about 14 when phyllodes is wide), midnerve always conspicuous and two others sometimes so when phyllode is wide; gland small, basal, with 1-3 small glands along the margins, the lowest 12~25 mm from the base, the others at irregular intervals. Pulvinus ca 1 mm long. Stipules linear, about as long as the pulvinus, caducous. Flowers in somewhat open spikes, singly or in pairs in the upper axils; peduncles ca 6 mm long, resinous; rachis 12-20 mm long, resinous, elongating quickly following anthesis. Flowers 5-merous. Calyx wide cup-shaped, not closely investing the corolla, pale, membranous, glabrous, 0.6 mm long, lobed to about the middle the lobes lacking a midrib, somewhat thickened, apiculate, reflexed. Corolla ca 1.5 mm long, lobed to about the level of the calyx, petals reflexed. Stamens ca 2 mm long. Ovary densely pubescent. Pods with up to 8 seeds, 4.5 cm long, widest at the top, tapering to the base, rather woody, resinous, with margins thickened and obscurely longitudinally nerved faces, opening elastically from the top. Seeds not seen.
Specimens examined. Queensland. NORTH KENNEDY DISTRICT: Palm Is., Henne (MEL 108106). SouUTH KENNEDY DISTRICT: Whitsunday Is., Henne (MEL 108105); Shaw Is., Lindeman Group, Jun 1985, Warrian (BRD, Nov 1985, Batianoff 3354 & Dalliston (BRI,K,MO,NSW).
Distribution: The species is known from only three islands, one in the Lindeman Group, one 1n the Whitsunday Group and the other in the Palm Group some 350 km to the north-west. Such a distribution is unusual. None of the other narrowly distributed species of Racosperma of north-eastern Australian is confined to islands (see Maslin & Pedley 1982). Some of the islands of the central Queensland coast are visited by a lot of people each year and it 1s therefore remarkable that more than 100 years separated the collections of Henne and Warrian.
Ecology: Ecological data are scanty. Warrian noted R. polyadenium as a small tree growing in heathland on a hillside overlooking the beach, while Batianoff and Dalliston reported it as a prostrate shrub 30 cm tall growing in wind-shorn scrub 3-4 m tall at an altitude of 42 m.
Notes and Observations: Bentham (1864, p. 402) referred both of Henne’s specimens to Acacia drepanocarpa. The only other specimen cited by him was the type specimen which lacks flowers. Consequently he based his description of the flowers on the only flowering material available to him, which was Henne’s Palm Is. specimen. The descrip- tion 1s, however, not an accurate one. As already pointed out (Pedley 1978) the phyllodes of A. drepanocarpa illustrated by Mueller (1888) hardly belong to that species. They are a reasonable representation of the phyllodes of R. polyadenium.
The ‘Oligoneura group’
The species keyed below belong to the complex of species related to R. excelsum (Benth.) Pedley (see Pedley 1978, p. 84). These are characterised by having phyllodes on short pulvinuses with prominent widely spaced longitudinal nerves with open, sometimes obscure, anastomosing nerves between them. The flower heads are in pairs or several pairs in the phyllode axils or, in one species, at nodes along leafless axes. One head matures before the other of the pair and the calyx lobes are ultimately free. Since one species of the complex, R. simsii (Benth.) Pedley is the lectotype of the name Acacia subseries Oligoneurae Benth. (Pedley 1980), the species are referred to here as the ‘Oligoneura group’. Bentham (1864) knew only four of the species included here, which he referred to two different subseries.
LO.
Ll.
323
A key to Australian species of the ‘Oligoneura group’
. Heads on peduncles to | cm long in twos or threes at nodes along leafless
axes forming a terminal panicle ...................... R. paniculatum Heads on peduncles in pairs or several as in uppet axils, not t ASrRRIOR
aterminal panicle ........... 2 oe er ae a ee TVA GES “10: 2 TUITE: ee eas ay ieee a et dined ah. gee vie ate Pe ey Phyllodes more than 7 mm wide ...... 1... 0. 2. . ce ee ee e ee e G
. Phyllodes 9-12 times as long as wide, 4-5 cm long’ R. excelsum subsp. angustum
Phyllodes 13-40 times as long as wide, 5.5~-12 cm long ................ 4
. Pods moniliform, valves membranous. Tree to 12 m with pendulous
foliage 6. ke ee ee ee ee ee ee ws ws se) R. estrophiolatum
Pods flat with nerve-like margins, convex over the seeds, occasionally constricted between them. Shrubs to 4 m, foliage not pendulous.. .
. Phyllodes widest about the middle, acute, sometimes ania DeEenens
‘S-8 mm long. Pods 4—5(-7) mm wide........... .... RR, simsii
Phyllodes widest above the middle, acuminate; war 3-4 mm long. Pods 8 mm wide ........... a | ........ R. ramiflorum
. Branchlets flattened, wie Funicle folded, at least half estar the
seed * * = = s é = a 4 = = « = = = é * = = = = . a * . Si * » * * La = *
Branchlets acutely angled, not flattened. Funicle folded or not, Ree the SeedOr MOL edi he ce ee A SP he Hake We te es sng 20
. Phyllodes (12-)16-30(-—45) mm wide with 9 prominent longitudinal nerves.
Pods 10-15 cm long. Funicles completely encircling the seeds.. R. complanatum
Phyllodes 9-15(—20) mm wide with three prominent longitudinal nerves. Pods to 8.5 cm long. Funicles half encircling the seeds .. .. .. R. homalocladum
. Phyllodes thick with anastomosing nerves hidden, margins nbbon-like,’
somewhat papillose with a prominent gland at the base.. .. .. R. multisiliquum
Phyllodes not markedly thick with anastomosing nerves visible, ane neither ribbon-like nor papillose.. .. 2. 2. 2. ek ee ee ee ee ee Y
. Pods strongly constricted between the seeds, chisianeiaaiaih up into l-seeded
segments. Funicles not folded. . a3 : Fae he eh pathein mete Bd gee
Pods not constricted between the seeds, not Suede up; often with parallel nerve-like margins and convex over the seeds. Funicles some- HIMeS “SHON: FGIGC = oa crc ccepy Pee ae ee Bey bee loth taney me eateatia entln ighiqaise » dl
Phyllodes Meany. 4-6.5 cm bist with 3-6 Bhat nerves. Areole of seeds small .... ... R. excelsum subsp. excelsum
Phyllodes 7.5-15 cm long with up to 10 parallel nerves. Areole large R. armillatum
Funcile encircling the seed. Phyllodes straight, 13-40 mm wide .. .. .. R. fleckeri
Funicle sometimes folded but not encircling the seed. Phyllodes at least Bil FAICAIG. OTT) WIE: io le eke thse ky ul weet Adar dene “es gue cee le a a
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12. Phyllodes strongly falcate, widest above the middle, 12-18 cm none, Pod with a well defined, raised pale margin when mature... .. .. .. RR, legnotum
Phyllodes either not strongly falcate or widest at or below the middle. Pod without a pale raised margin .... 2... 0.0... ce ee ee ee ee ee ee w TB
13. Phyllodes widest near the top. Pod 6-8 mm wide. Seeds with a apr aperi pleurogram with a pale line ............ eG Gi . R, ommatospermum
Phyllodes widest at or below the middle. Pod ca 12 mm wide. Seeds with pleurogram lacking a pale line... .. . ...... RB, hyalonomum
Racosperma paniculatum Pedley, sp. nov. affinis R. homaloclado (F.Muell.) Pedley floribus grandioribus, funiculis semina non dimidio cingentibus, conspicuissime capitulis dipositis in paniculis terminalibus differt. Typus: 27 km N of ‘Wakooka’ on track to Bathurst Bay, June 1984, J.R. Clarkson 5375 (holo: BRI; specimina ad DNA, K,MBA,MEL,NSW,PERTH distributa, non visa).
Shrub or slender tree to 6 m, usually with a conspicuously white trunk; branchlets glaucous, angular, with phyllodes borne on short spurs. Phyllodes oblong, slightly curved, obtuse apiculate, 6—10(-12.5) cm long, 12-20(—25) mm wide, (3.5-)4.5-6.5 times as long as wide, three longitudinal nerves prominent, coarsely reticulate between them, the lower decurrent with the margin at the extreme base, gland prominent but without a rim, up to 4 mm from the base, abruptly narrowed into a short pulvinus. Heads of 25-30 flowers on peduncles 8-10 mm long in pairs (one head maturing before the other) on leafless axes to 12 cm long, terminating branchlets and in the upper axils, forming terminal panicles. Flowers glabrous, 5-merous. Calyx lobes free to the base, 1-1.3 mm long with a filiform claw and a rhomboidal lamina 0.25 mm wide. Corolla lobes united to the middle, 1.7-2.5 mm long. Stamens 3.5-4.5 mm long. Ovary glabrous. Pods straight, flat, convex over seeds, not at all constricted between them, glabrous, to 10 cm long, 8-9 mm wide, with up to 9 seeds. Seeds arranged longitudinally, funicle hardly thickened or folded, not seen mature. Fig 1A-B.
Specimens examined. Queensland. Cook DIsTRict: 27 km N of “Wakooka’ on the track to Bathurst Bay, ca 14°20’S, 144°20’E, June 1984, Clarkson 5375 (BRI!; DNA,K,MBA,MEL,NSW,PERTH n.¥.); Cape Flattery, 14°55’S, i44°20’E, Jun 1975, Sharpe 1505 (BRI); between ‘Starke’ & Cape Flattery, 15°02’S, 145°20’E, July 1976, Webb & Tracey 13549 (BRI); 4 km E of Hopevale-‘Starke’ road, 15°04’S, 145°20’E, Jun 1984, Clarkson 5327 (BRI), between Mclvor River & Cape Flattery, [5°05’S, 145°1 SE, Nov 1972, Hyland 6539 (BRD: 3 miles [5 km] from Pt Archer towards Cooktown, [15°35‘S, 145°15’E], Jun 1972, Wrigley & Telford 1308 (BRD; Yarrabah, [16°55’S, 145°S2’E], Aug 1918, Michael AQI191143 (BRI). NORTH KENNEDY District: Hinchinbrook Is., Ramsay Bay, 18°20'S, (46°10'E. Aug 1975, Sharpe 1787 (BRI).
Distribution: The species is common on sand in heath or in the heathy understory of eucalypt open forest on sand in the Cape Flattery area with isolated populations at Yarrabah and on Hinchinbrook Is.
Flowering period: June. Fruiting period: Fruits probably mature about September.
Notes and Observations: It has been confused with R. homalocladum (Pedley 1978), but differs in having larger flowers, a funicle which does not half encircle the seed, and most conspicuously, heads in terminal panicles. It 1s described as an attractive short-lived plant with deep yellow flowers.
Racosperma homalocladum (F.Muell.) Pedley, Austrobaileya 2: 350 (1987).
Acacia homaloclada F.Muell., Fragm. 11: 34 (1878), Iconog. Austral. Acacia, Decade 8 (1887); Pedley, Austrobaileya 1: 214 (1978).
A spindly shrub to 3.5 m, young growth pink, all parts glabrous; branchlets acutely angled or winged, the phyllodes borne on short spurs decurrent with the wings. Phyllodes narrowly ovate, only slightly falcate, 6.5-10(-12) cm long, 9-15(-20) mm wide, 4.5-[10 times as long as wide, narrowed at the tip, but obtuse with a small apiculum and a small ee on its dorsal side, narrowed into a pulvinus 2-5 mm long, a conspicuous pland 3-6 mm from the base; 3 longitudinal nerves conspicuous with inconspicuous loosely anastomosing nerves between them (similar to those of R. multisiliquum). Heads of 20-30 flowers on peduncles 10-15 mm long in two pairs in the upper axils, one head
325
of each pair opening before the other. Flowers 5-merous; bracteoles with a thick peat lamina almost perpendicular to the claw. Calyx lobes free to the base, spathulate, 1 mm long. Corolla lobes united to the middle, somewhat flattened at their tips, 1.8 mm long; stamens ca 3.5 mm long; ovary glabrous. Pods straight, glaucous, not at all contracted between the seeds, flat, convex over the seeds, nerve-like margins, 85 mm long, 9-11 mm wide, with up to 10 seeds, Seeds arranged longitudinally, ca 5 mm long and 3 mm per (immature); areole large, closed; funicle thickened into a fold to half encircle the see
Specimens examined. Queensland. NORTH KENNEDY DISTRICT: Hinchinbrook Is., Deluge Inlet, 18°23’S, 146°12’E, Jun 1979, A. & Ad. Thorsbourne (BRI); Hinchinbrook Is., Little Ramsay Bay, ca 18° 20S, 146°10E, ‘Aug 1975, Sharpe 1625 (BRI); Hinchinbrook Is., May 1986, Warrian CW5064 (BRD; Migeees Creek, N of Ingham, fis° 26'S, 146°09’E], Jan 1977, coll. unknown AQ378611 (BRI); Rungoo, [18 km N of Ingham, 18°28’S, 146°10’E], Jan 1952, King AQ191140 (BRD.
Distribution: Racosperma homalocladum is restricted to Hinchinbrook Island and a small area of the mainland opposite.
Flowering period: summer. Fruiting period: Young fruits have been collected in June.
Notes and Observations: It has been confused with R. paniculatum which is more widely distributed but which also occurs on Hinchinbrook Island. The two species occupy different habitats. R. paniculatum is restricted to sand in heath or in heathy understory of eucalypt open-forest whereas R. homalocladum occurs in light rainforest or open- forest on stony soil often near streams.
Racosperma armillatum Pediey, sp. nov. affinis R. excelso (Benth.) Pedley phyllodiis coriaceloribus basin versus angustatis valdius, leguminibus inter semina con- Strictis valdius differt. Typus: 12 km SE of Mt Janet on Survey road along Great Dividing Range, ca 11.5 km SW _ of Lakeland Downs township, 15°56’S, 144°46’E, Jan 1986, J.R. Clarkson 6291 (holo: BRI; 1so: CANB,DNA,K,MEL,MO,NSW,PERTH,QRS,SAN).
Tree to 8 m with rough grey bark at base; branchlets somewhat angular, soon becoming terete and obscurely mbbed, lenticellate. Phyllodes glabrous, oblanceolate, spathulate, obovate or elliptic, variable in width often on a single plant, straight or falcate when narrow, 75-150 mm long, 5-15(-—30) mm wide, 4-13 times as long as wide, up to 180 mm long on young plants, with up to 10 distinct longitudinal nerves with numerous oblique secondary nerves between them; gland small prominent, not rimmed, up to 2.5 mm from the base. Pulvinus 1.5 mm long. Heads of 20-30 flowers on peduncles 3-6 mm long in one or in two pairs in the upper axils, peduncles arising from an axis ca | mm long, one head maturing before the other of the pair. Flowers glabrous. Calyx lobes linear, widened and subacute at the tip, 1 mm long, united only at the base. Corolla lobes 1.5 mm long. Ovary glabrous. Pods flat with up to 8 seeds, 80 mm long, 6-10 mm wide, strongly constricted between the seeds, the isthmus only 2mm wide when pods mature; valves with wing ca 0.7 mm wide and raised veins, breaking up into I- seeded indehiscent segments. Seeds arranged longtiudinally ca 5mm long, 3 mm wide; pleurogram obscure; areole large, open; funicle not thickened and scarcely folded. Fig. 1
Specimens examined. Queensland. Cook District: 12 km SE of Mt Janet on Survey road along Great Dividing Range, ca 11.5 km SW of Lakeland Downs township, 15°56’S, 144°46’E, Sep 1984, Clarkson $507 (BRI), Jan 1986, Clarkson 6288 (BRI,DNA,K,NSW PERTH), Jan 1986, Clarkson 6291 (BRICANB,DNA,K,MEL, MO, NSW,PERTH,QRS,SAN); Top of Fall Creek Gap, Wenlock-Iron Range road, 12°55'S, 143° OO’E, Aug 1977, coll. Ingram & Hind, comm. Armitage 1138 (BRL.NSW); Waish River, junction of Price Creek, Jun 1929, Tardent 166 (BRI).
Distribution: The species is evidently rare. It is known from only three localities. The population from which the type and fruiting material was collected is on a steep hillside in Eucalyptus cullenii woodland grading into E. normantonensis woodland. The Walsh River population has not been relocated despite more intensive botanical collecting in the area in the last few decades.
326
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Fig. 1. Racospermum paniculatum: A. flowering branch X 2/3. B. portion of phyllode X 2. R. meiospermum: C. flowering branch X 2/3. D. base of phyllode and pulvinus xX 2. E. pod X 1. R. armillatum: F. flowering branch x 2/3. G. inflorescence X 1. H. portion of phyllode < 2, I. pod x 1.
327
Racosperma ommatospermum Pedley, sp. nov. ab R. /egnoto (Pedley) Pedley phyllodiis minus manifeste nervatis minus falcatis leguminibus non alatis, seminibus par- vioribus: ab R. fleckeri (Pedley) Pedley corollis longioribus, phyllodiis angustior- ibus, leguminibus angustioribus seminibus parum parvioribus et sine funiculo cingenti recedit. Typus: Andoom-—Weipa area, 12°32’S, 141°5Y’E, Jun 1978, K.A.W. Williams 78088 (holo: BRI; iso: CANB).
A shrub or small tree, glabrous, branches drooping. Branchlets angular, soon becoming terete and ribbed. Phyllodes coriaceous, oblong-spathulate, somewhat falicate, the tip obtuse with a minute mucro, widest near the tip, narrowed to the base, 95-125 mm long, 7-12 mm wide, 9.5-14 times as long as wide, 3-5 + prominent longitudinal nerves with oblique secondary nerves between them; gland small, without a rim, 1.5-3 mm from the base. Pulvinus 1.5-3 mm long. Heads of 25-30 flowers on axillary peduncles in one or two pairs in the upper axils, one head of each pair maturing before the other. Calyx lobes subacute, 0.8 mm long, united in the lower third, a few short hairs on the tube. Corolla lobes slabrous, 1.5 mm long, united to the middie. Stamens ca 3 mm long. Ovary glabrous but seen only in male flowers with a rudimentary style. Pod linear, glabrous with up to 12 seeds and 80 mm long, 6-8 mm wide, the valves raised over the seed alternately on each side. Seeds arranged longitudinally, lenticular, 3.3-3.5 mm diameter, 1.5-2 mm thick; pleurogram prominent with a pale line; areole closed or almost so; funicle with a small fold on one side of the seed, thickened from there to the hilar end into a distinct aril.
Specimens examined. Queensland. Cook District: Andoom-Weipa area, 12°32’S, 141°5SS’E, Jun 1978, Williams 78088 (BRIL,CANB,); Weipa, 12°39’S, 141°51’E, Oct 1981, Morton AM 1549 nursery raised stock (BRI, MEL); between ‘York Downs’ Stn and Coen, Oct 1979, Scarth-Johnson 873A (BRI).
Distribution: The species has a narrow range on Cape York Peninsula in the vicinity of Weipa where it occurs with Eucalyptus tetrodonta on red earth with ironstone gravel. It is evidently used to rehabilitate areas mined for bauxite at Weipa.
Racosperma fleckeri (Pedley) Pedley, Austrobaileya 2: 348 (1987). Acacia fleckeri Pedley, Austrobaileya 1: 211 (1978).
Phyllodes straight 90-125 mm long, 13-40 mm wide, 2.8-10 times as long as wide. Pulvinus 2-6 mm long. Heads of 30-40 flowers on axillary peduncles up to 10 mm long in one or two pairs in the upper axils, one head maturing before other one of pair, but if two pairs then one of each pair maturing together. Calyx lobes narrowly oblong to 1.2 mm long, united only at base, widened to ca 0.4 mm and thickened at tip with minute hairs (ca 0.05 mm long). Corolla lobes united to the middle, 1.8 mm long with
distinct midribs, thickened and minutely papillose at the tip. Stamens 3.5 mm long. Ovary glabrous. Pod with up 12 seeds, to 120 mm long, 8-10 mm wide.
Specimens examined. Queensland. COOK DISTRICT: Weipa-Wheeler Creek, 12°30’S, 142°15’E, Sep 1980, Godwin A1l8 (BRD; on bank of Wenlock River [13°29’S, 141°S0’E or 13°06’S, 142°57’E], Jun 1978, Armitage 1126 (BRI).
References BENTHAM, G. (1864). Acacia. In Flora Australiensis 2: 301-421. London: Reeve & Co.
MASLIN, B.R. & PEDLEY, L. (1982). The distribution of Acacia (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) in Australia. Part l, Species distribution maps. Western Australian Herbarium Research Notes No. 6: 1-128.
MUELLER, F. VON (1888). Iconography of Australian species of Acacia and cognate genera. Eleventh decade. Melbourne: Government Printer.
PEDLEY, L. (1978). A revision of Acacia Mill. in Queensland. Austrobaileya i(2): 75-234. PEDLEY, L. (1980). A revision of Acacia Mill. in Queensland (concluded). Austrobaileya 1(3): 235-337. ‘1979’. PEDLEY, L. (1981). Further notes on Acacia in Queensland. Austrobaileya 1(4): 339-345.
PEDLEY, ©. (1986). Derivation and dispersal of Acacia (Leguminosae), with particular reference to Australia, and the recognition of Senegalia and Racosperma. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 92; 219-254.
seer ot (1987). Racosperma (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) tn Queensland: a checklist. Austrobaileya 2(4):
PEDLEY, L. & FORSTER, P.I. (1986). Acacia eremophiloides (Mimosaceae): a new species from south-eastern Queensland. Austrobatleya 2(3): 277-280.
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Austrobaileya 2(4): 328-338 (1987)
NOTES ON SAPINDACEAE, V S.T. Reynolds Queensland Herbarium, Meiers Road, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068
Summary
Two hew species of Diploglottis, D. berniana and D. obovata and a new Alectryon, A. ramiflorus are described with notes on their distribution and relationship to the other species that occur in Australia, Heterodendrum Desf. is reduced to Alectryon Gaertn. and the new combinations Alectryon diversifolius, A. tropicus, A, pubescens and A. oleifolius, based on Heterodendrum diversifolium F.Muell., H. fropicum S.Reyn., H. pubescens S.Reyn. and #. oleifolium Desf., are made, Two new subspecies of 4. oleifolius, subsp. canescens and subsp. elongatus, are described. Alectryon semicinereus (F.Muell.) Radlk. is removed from synonymy under 4. coriaceus (Benth.) Radik.
Contents Diplhosietis FDA OOK). a cf, bho wk we aie wedi dB pecs baie ord de ee oe Foe bY 328
Alectryon Gaertn. . .. 1... .... LS as as 332
Since publication of the reviews of © se doohnasti J.D.Hook. Ansontiix rogt) and Heterodendrum Desf. and Alectryon Gaertn. (Reynolds 1983) and the account of Sap- indaceae (Reynolds 1985), many more collections, some with better flowers or fruits, have become available. It is now possible to describe new species, amend some descrip- tions and keys, and reassess some generic and intraspecific distinctions.
DIPLOGLOTTIS J.D.Hook.
Diploglottis berniana S.Reyn., sp. nov. D. cunninghamii (Hook.) J.D.Hook. primo adspectu maxime simile quoad foliis et foliolis grandis sed ab ea differt essentialiter fructibus persaepe duplo majoribus, valvis crassioribus, floribus majusculus guin- quepetalus. Typus: Cooper Creek, Parish of Alexandra, 16°10’S, 145°25’E, 24 Sep 1985, B.Gray 4159 (holo: BRI; iso: QRS); Portion 188, ‘Parish of Alexandra, Palm Road, 17°1 1S, 145°25’E, 27 Nov 1984, B.Gray 3730 (para: BRI; isopara: QRS) [this 1s a fruiting specimen. ].
Trees to 20 m tall, to 20 cm girth; trunk fluted, buttressed. Young parts (especially young leaves), branchlets, leaf axes and peduncles red brown velutinous with pale or brown
dense spreading hairs. Branchlets stout, fluted, 2-3 cm diameter at apex. Leaves (with
petiole) 69-82(-90.5) cm long with 4 or 5 leaflets on each side of rachis. Petiole 12-20 cm long, subterete, broad and trisulcate at base. Rachis 34-48.5 cm long. Pinnae oblong or obovate-obiong or subelliptic dowermost pair broadly obovate), apex truncate, rounded, obtuse or emarginate, margins slightly recurved, base truncate unequal, (9. 5-)21~28(-32) cm X 7,5-15(-18) cm Guvenile leaflets 37 cm x 15 cm), shiny above, coriaceous, glabrous above except pubescent midrib, softly and sparsely villous below especially on nerves, midrib broad, densely villous; lateral nerves 18-25 pairs, patent, usually bullate between nerves, reticulation prominent. Petiolule 5-12(-15) mm long, pulvinate. Panicles 50-53 cm long, to 30 cm wide, cymules 2- or 3-flowered; bracts 3-10 mm xX I-8 mm, ovate, rusty brown velvety. Flowers 7-8 mm diameter; pedicel 3-5 mm long. Calyces 5 mm x 8 mm, lobes ovate, 4-5 mm X 3-4 mm, tomentose. Petals 5, one slightly reduced, 3-4.5 mm X 2-3 mm, obovate, shortly clawed; scales densely woolly, hiding small fleshy crests. Disc incomplete, glabrous. Filaments 2-6.5 mm long, subulate, densely villous from middle to base. Ovary villous, style stout, 3 mm long. Fruit transversely ellipsoid with 2 divaricate lobes and aborted third lobe or subglobose and 1-lobed, slightly compressed at sutures, yellow, 3-3.5 cm X 3.2-4.2 cm; valves thick, fleshy, 8 mm thick, densely rusty pubescent outside, sparsely villous inside. Seed brown, 1.3 cm X 2.2 cm, smooth, + laterally compressed; aril orange, nearly covering seed. Fig. 1.
Specimens examined. Queensland. Cook DISTRIcT: T.R. 146 Tableland L.A., 15°43’S, 145°16’E, near Mt Amos,
Sep 1980, Hyland 10574 (BRI); Alexandra Creek, 16°04’S, 145°21’E, Webb & Tracey {2180 (BRI); Cooper Ck, Parish of Alexandra, 16°10’S, 145°25’E, Sep 1984, Gray 4159 (BRLQRS); portion 188, Parish of Alexandra, Palm
329
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Fig, 1. Diplogiottis berniana. A. habit with buds (Hyland 10574) * 1/5. B. female flower (Gray 4159) x 4. C. part of flower with petals and stamens removed to show calyx lobes and disc (Gray 4159) * 4. D. front of petal showing hairy scales (Gray 4159) X 8. E. back of petal (Gray 4159) * 8. F. fruit (Gray 3730) X 1. G. seed with
aril (Gray 3730) X 2.
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330
Road, 17°11’S, 145°25’E, Nov 1984, Gray 3730 (BRI,QRS),; S.F.R. 755 Barong L.A., 17°31’S, 145°50’E, near Russell River, Jul 1975, Hyland 3241(BRI), Oct 1976, Hyland 9158 (BRI), Jul 1978, Hyland 3692(BRI). [L.A. = Logging Area, S.P.R. = State Forest Reserve; T.R. = Timber Reserve]
' Distribution and Habitat: North Queensland, from north of Rossville to Atherton -Tableland, in rainforests, between 80 and 600 m altitude.
Affinities: The new species is at first sight similar to D. cunninghamii (Hook.) J.D.Hook. It has the large leaves and leaflets of D. cunninghamii but differs essentially in the large fruits with thick fleshy valves and larger flowers with five petals.
Etymology: The species is named in honour of Mr Bernie Hyland, CSIRO, Atherton, who first discovered the plant.
Diploglottis obovata S.Reyn., sp. nov. D. diphyllostegia (F.Muell.) Bailey aemulans differt essentialiter foliolis 2- vel 3-jugis apicibus obtusis vel subrotundatis, nervis lateralibus numerosis inter se 4-7 mm distantibus. Typus: Queensland, NORTH KENNEDY District: Dryander Creek about 2 km N of Gregory and about 20 km N of Proserpine, 10 Nov 1985, P. Sharpe 4169 ( holo: BRI; iso: BRI).
Misapplied Name: D. diphyllostegia (F.Muell.) Bailey, in Austrobaileya 1(4): 397 (1981) quoad collections from Proserpine, Mackay and Bee Creek.
Small to medium sized spreading trees. Young parts, branchlets and leaf axes densely tomentose and finely villous with shiny + crispate pale to brown-rusty hairs; young leaves sericeous. Branchlets slender, about 3 mm diameter at apex, lenticellate. Leaves (with petiole) 12-20(-25) cm long with 2 or 3 leaflets on each side of rachis. Petiole 2-4(—5.5) cm long. Rachis 1.5—7(-8.5) cm long. Pinnae obovate, elliptic to obovate- elliptic, apex obtuse or + rounded, or truncate, base cuneate or obtuse, oblique, 5.5-12(-16.5) cm X 2.8-7 cm, glabrous above, finely puberulent below, midrib and nerves (below) finely pubescent, thinly coriaceous; lateral nerves 12-20 pairs, oblique, 4-7 mm apart (rarely more), parallel. Petiolule 3—7(-10) mm long. Panicles laxly branched, 7.5-19 cm long, to 10 cm wide, peduncles pale crispate tomentose, cymules 3-flowered; bracts 2.5 mm X | mm, brown velvety. Flowers 4-5 mm diameter, male and female on same inflorescence; pedicel 2-3 mm long. Calyces 3.5 mm *X 4. 5 mm, finely pale crispate tomentose outside, lobes 2-3 mm X I-1.5 mm. Petals 5, one slightly reduced, 2.5-3 mm X 2 mm, obovate, claw short; scales longer than petal, densely woolly, mostly all crested. Disc incomplete. Stamens 8, filaments 3-4.5 mm long, pilose towards base. Fruit as in D. diphyllostegia, 1.4-1.6 cm X 1.4-3 cm, valves thin, finely pubescent outside, densely or sparsely hairy inside with long appressed pale hairs. Fig. 2.
Specimens examined (all BRI). Queensland. NORTH KENNEDY DIstTRIict: Dryander Ck 4 km ESE of Mt Dryander, Jan 1986, Guymer 2007; Dryander Ck about 2 km N of Gregory and about 20 km N of Proserpine, Nov 1985, Sharpe 4169: Strathdickie near Proserpine, Oct 1936, McPherson 90; Impulse Creek, Conway Range, Nov 1985, Sharpe 4068: Kelsey Ck near Proserpine, Michae/ 1134, SourH KENNEDY District: Cathu S.F., Nov 1981, Young 429; Eungella Ra. via Mackay, Oct 1922, Francis; 29 km W of Mackay, Nov 1976, Turner. LEICHHARDT DISTRICT: Bee Creek, Clemens BRI 161710.
Distribution and Habitat: Queensland, Proserpine to Bee Creek SW of Sarina; usually on creek banks in notophyll vine forests.
Affinities: The new species is closely related to D. diphyllostegia (F.Muell.) Bailey under
which it was included as an obtuse-leaved form (Reynolds 1981, pp. 397-398). It has
the same characteristic flowers, fruits, leaf texture and colour of indumentum as D.
diphyllostegia but differs essentially in the 2- or 3-paired leaflets, obtuse or subrotundate
niacie Fa parallel lateral nerves close to each other, and finer, shorter hairs on the ranchlets.
D. diphyllostegia (F.Muell.) Bailey has generally larger leaves, 16-43(—70) cm long with 3-6(—9) leaflets on each side of rachis; petiole 7-10 cm long; rachis 6.5—17(—26 in juvenile) cm long; pinnae elliptic oblong or subobovate, apex acute or acuminate (usually abruptly shortly acuminate) or obtuse, base subacute or obtuse, oblique, pubescent or puberulent below, 11.5~—18.5(-—23) cm x 4-7,5 cm, lateral nerves 10-14 pairs, (4-)7-15 mm apart; petiolule (2~)3-5 mm long. Panicles 15-29 cm long and as wide. D. diphyllostegia occurs in Queensland from Cape York Peninsula to near Ingham, usually on creek or river banks in mesophyll rainforest, and in Papua New Guinea.
331
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Fig. 2. Diploglottis obovata: A. habit with flowers (Young 429) x 3/4. B. male flower (Young 429) x 6. C. Calyx lobes (Young 429) xX 6. D. front of petal showing scales and crests (Young 429) x 12. E. back of petal (Young 429) x 12. F & G. fruits (Michael BRI 161706) X 2. H. seed with aril (Michael BRI 161706) X 2.
332
In the key to the species of Diploglottis (Reynolds 1983, p. 391) couplets 6 and 7 must be replaced by the following:
6. Leaf rachis 10—48.5(-71) cm long. Petiole (5-)8-17(-27) cm long. Leaflets 9-33(-51) cm xX ciikut Boke cm, Be Leiceh smaller. Petiolule eee cnt 35 mm
long .... ead 7 Leaf rachis 1.5-17(-26) cm long. Petiole 2-8(-10) cm long. Leaflets 5.5-18.5(-23) cm X 2.8-7.5 cm. Petiolule 2-7(-10) mm long .......... 9
7. Petiolule (7-)11-35 mm long. Inflorescence unbranched, arrow. Flowers 7-8 mm diameter. Leaflets obtuse or abruptly acuminate. Shrubs or
small trees to 4 m, unbranched ........................ D. macrantha (Cape York Peninsula, Qld)
Petiolule 2—12(-15) mm long. Inflorescence branched, usually nearly as wide as long. Flowers 4-8 mm diameter. Leaflets usually b broad, obtuse or truncate at apex. Trees to 35 m, branched .... . ne, a cate 8
8. Fruit thin-walled, 1.3-1.8 cm xX 2.5-3 cm. Petals 4, rarely with reduced 5th one. Flowers 4-6 mm diameter. Rachis 10-35(-—71) cm long. Petiole 5~11 cm long. Basal leaflets oblong to oblong-obovate ...... D. cunninghamii
(S.E. Qld & N.S.W,)
Fruit thick-walled, 3-3.5 cm X 3.2-4.2 cm. Petals 5. Flowers 7-8 mm diameter, Rachis 34-48.5 cm siete Petiole 12-20 cm ADE, Basal leaflets broadly obovate ...... a ee D. berniana
/(N. Qld)
9. Leaflets 3-5-paired, acuminate, acute or obtuse; lateral nerves not close
together (to 15 mm apart). Rachis 6.5-17(-26) cm long. Branchlets
densely hairy, with 7 ae ee coarse spreading hairs and pale tomentum .... . oe D. diphyllostegia
(N. Qld & New Guinea)
Leaflets 2—3-paired, obtuse or subrotundate at apex; lateral nerves close together (usually less than 7 mm apart). Rachis 1.5-3.2 cm long. Branchiets finely tomentose with spree appressed and spreading
TERPS? os 8. pet che Sagas ates hee ety eatats hay Be D. obovata ‘(Proserpine to Eungella, Qld)
ALECTRYON Gaertn.
Alectryon ramiflorus S.Reyn., sp. nov. a speciebus ceteris Australiensis foliolatis par- vioribus angustis pluribus (plerumque 6-9 paribus) polymorphis in juvenalis praecipue differt, et inflorescentiis ramifloris fructuosis. Typus: Queensland, Wide Bay District: Cordalba State Forest, south of Bundaberg, 27 Jan 1986, K.D.Sarnadsky & E.E.Zillmann 351 [fruiting specimen] (holo: BRI; iso; BRI).
Tree to 7 m, older branches with numerous prominent ellipsoid lenticels. Young branches and leaf axes with scattered ascending appressed or spreading pale brown hairs. Leaves polymorphic, with (2-)6-9 leaflets on each side of rachis (12-19 in juvenile leaves). Petiole (1-)2.5-4.5 cm long, subterete, shortly pulvinate. Rachis 3-12.5 cm long (19 cm in juveniles) adaxially ridged, usually slightly margined. Leaflets polymorphic, subopposite or alternate, variable, usually narrowly elliptic or subovate, apex truncate or obtuse, retuse, margins entire or with few lobes, base acute or abruptly attenuate and decurrent into petiolules, oblique, 2.2-6.7 cm X 0.6-1.5 cm, thinly coriaceous, pale green and + shiny above, yellow green below, glabrous or with ‘few hairs on midrib and towards the base below; midrib ridged above, lateral nerves and reticulation prominent, fine, lateral nerves 8-12 pairs subpatent. Petiolule 2-7 mm long. (Juvenile leaflets with lobes or pinnately divided into fine narrow leaflets, leaves bipinnate in adventitious shoots.)
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334
Inflorescences clustered on branches on short brachyoblast-like structures sometimes intermingled with young shoots, usually 2-4(-7) per cluster, paniculiform with few lax branches, usually branching from the base, 9-13 cm long and as wide, secondary and tertiary peduncles slender, puberulent. Flowers 3—3.5 mm diameter: pedicels 1.5-2 mm long. Calyces broadly cupular, 2 mm xX 3-3.5 mm, lobes small, ovate, 0.7 mm xX I mm, puberulent. Petals absent. Disc fleshy, crenulate. Stamens 6-8, filaments | mm long, glabrous, anthers 2 mm long. Ovary (1-)2-lobed. Fruit green, small, usually borne in a dense mass, (1-)2-lobed, broadly and transversely ellipsoid with 2 globose or ellipsoid turgid lobes slightly compressed at apex, 5-6 mm X 9 mm, if l-lobed then subglobose or ellipsoid and 7 mm X 4 mm; pericarp thinly fleshy, drying + crustaceous, glabrescent or glabrous outside. Seeds brownish, haif enclosed in red granular cupular aril; stalk $ mm long, slender. Fig. 3.
Specimens examined, Queensland, WipE BAY District: Cordalba, April 1982, Sarnadsky 168 (BRI); Cordalba State Forest, south of Bundaberg, Jan 1986, Sarnadsky & Zillmann 351 (BRI), Dec 1986, Zilimann (BRI) {flowering specimen].
Distribution and Habitat: Known only from type locality in southern Queensland. Rare, growing in a small population of about 20 specimens in remnant scrubs.
Affinities: A very distinctive species differing from all the other species of Alectryon known from Australia by the inflorescences clustered on old branches and the very variable and polymorphic leaves and leaflets especially in juvenile and adventitious shoots. Leaflets are also smaller, narrower and greater in number (usually 6-9 pairs) than in other species.
Note: The mass of fruit on the branches was said to be so dense that it obscured about a 60 cm long portion of each branch. The wood is reported to be suitable for turning.
Alectryon Gaertn. and Heterodendrum Desf.
The finding of A. ramiflorus S.Reyn. has necessitated a reassessment of the variability and relationships of A/ectryon Gaertn. and Heterodendrum Desf. In the past they have been separated on their leaf character, pinnate in Alectryon and simple in Heterodendrum. Apart from this they are hardly distinguishable, having similar flowers and fruits, seeds and arils. For example, fruits of H. oleifolium Desf. resemble those of A, coriaceus (Benth.) Radlk. and A. repando-dentatus Radlk., while those of H. pubescens S.Reyn. are hardly distinguishable from those of A. subdentatus (F.Muell. ex Benth.) Radlk. H. pubescens closely resembles H. diversifolium F.Muell. in having entire or lobed leaves. Both can have leaves lobed or entire in the upper part and pinnate at the base. In this character they resemble A. subdentatus to such an extent that A. subdentatus has sometimes been thought to be an abnormal form or a hybrid with H. pubescens. Dr P.W.Leenhouts, Leiden, who is currently working on A/ectryon suggested (in litt.) the transfer of H. pubescens to Alectryon. However it is closely related to H. diversifolium and has the inflorescence of Heterodendrum.
The small fruits and the shape and lobing of the leaves of A. ramiflorus resemble those of species of Heterodendrum. In this species leaflets of the same leaf can be entire, lobed or pinnate and on adventitous shoots the leaves are bipinnate with fine narrow leaflets, a condition not before seen in Australian Sapindaceae. Most species in this family develop simple leaves first (seedling stage), then lobed leaves (usually in juveniles), and finally pinnate leaves, for example, Atal/aya, Diploglottis and Harpullia. Species of some genera, for example, Atalaya and Dodonaea have either simple or pinnate leaves. Leaves of Atalaya variifolia F.Muell. ex Benth. can be simple, lobed or pinnate, sometimes on a single branch. Because of the variability of the leaves of Alectryon and Heteroden- drum, the occurrence of simple lobed and pinnate leaves in species of other genera of Sapindaceae, and the lack of other distinguishing characters, the two genera are combined here under the earlier name, A/lectryon.
The distribution of Alectryon, including Heterodendrum is similar to some other genera such as Flindersia. Species of Alectrvon as formerly defined are mostly found in rainforests while those of Heterodendrum are found in drier areas, for example, in brigalow communities. H. oleifolium extends to the margins of deserts.
335
New combinations for species previously under Heterodendrum
1. Alectryon diversifolius (F.Muell.) S.Reyn., comb. nov.
Heterodendrum diversifolium F.Muell., Fragm. 1: 46 (1858). Type: subtropical and tropical eastern Australia, Brigalow scrubs, collector unknown (not seen).
2. Alectryon tropicus (S.Reyn.) S.Reyn., comb. nov.
Heterodendrum tropicum §.Reyn., Austrobaileya 1: 484 (1983). Type: Cook DisTRICT: Mungana, 16 Jun 1946, H. Flecker N. Q.N.C. No 10423 (BRI: holo).
3. Alectryon pubescens (S.Reyn.) S.Reyn., comb. nov.
Heterodendrum pubescens S.Reyn., Austrobaileya 1: 485 (1983). Type: BURNETT _ District: Eidsvold, Sep 1915, Dr T.L.Bancroft (BRI: holo).
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4. Alectryon oleifolius (Desf.) S.Reyn. comb. nov.
Heterodendrum oleifolium Desf., Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat. 4: 8.t.3 (1818).Type: Western Australia, probably Shark Bay area, Baudin expedition (? 1so: fragments and negatives NSW, photo BRI).
The variability of Alectryon oleifolius (Desf.) S.Reyn.
Alectryon oleifolius (Desf.) S.Reyn. 1s a very variable and complex species with two other species reduced under it, namely H. macrocalyx Radlk. and H. microcalyx Radlk. These were previously treated as varieties ( Reynolds 1983,1985). Recent numerous additions to collections of this widespread species have necessitated the reassessment of this complex. It was found that differences between the three varieties were far greater than thought previously. Three quite distinct entities can now be segregated morphol- ogically and supported to a certain extent by ecological and distributional differences. The entities only connect with each other through a small proportion of specimens with somewhat intermediate characters. As these entities are not specifically distinct, as Radikofer (1879) had thought, and there 1s also a slight overlap in ecology and distribution, the varieties are here raised to subspecific rank. Necessary new combinations are made and the key in Reynolds 1983, p.483 is amended as indicated below. Some variation does occur in the subspecies and further collections may prove them to be distinct varieties but varietal status 1s not warranted at the present time.
The epithets ‘macrocalyx’ and ‘microcalyx’ have been discounted in the choice of subspecific epithets as the size of the calyx varies in the same subspecies. Indumentum, leaf and inflorescence characters and the length of pedicels are used to separate the subspecies.
1. Leaves 1.2-2.7 cm wide, rarely less; length: breadth ratio 2.3—5(—6):1; lamina obovate or elliptic, obtuse ‘truncate, retuse or subacute. Fruits HUNG os cama: yan . Saath Winn oy met ree PG Me roth eS eMac oy, BEE 2
Leaves less than 1 cm wide; length:breadth ratio 7~20(-31):1; lamina usually long and slender, narrowly elliptic or subobovate, acute, acu- minate or obtuse. Fruits hairy or glabrous Se Ath Oe ASSN ths gh oa 3
2. Leaves and branches rigid, canescent or glabrous. Cymules sessile or subsessile, flowers on stout pedicels cane’ mm mii Flowers red. Aril orange .. 2. 0... ok ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ae ees. 6SUbSpP. oleifolius
Leaves and branches usually drooping, canescent. Cymules and flowers on slender staiks 3-14 mm was sienna cian or Yellgwish: Aril FE a ak ad te Se Mola MMSE Soak ES ...... SUbSp. canescens
336
3. Fruit, calyx and leaves usually densely hairy. Leaves narrowly elliptic or subobovate, length:breadth ratio 7.5-10.6(-12):1. Inflorescences 1-13- flowered, of cymes, racemes or panicles. Flowers to 6 mm wide; pedicels (3-)6-14 mm long ......................., +... .. Subsp. canescens
Fruit, calyx and leaves usually glabrous. Leaves usually slender and long, length:breadth ratio 7-20(-31):1. Inflorescences to 53- or more-flowered, usually eee Flowers 2.5-4 mm wide; ery 1.5-4(-6) mm long, 27 iS Te CRE Ae: ...... subsp. elongatus
Alectryon oleifolius Test ) S. Reva, re Oleifolius stat.nov.
Heterodendrum oleifolium Desf., Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat. 4: 8.t.3 (1818). Type: Western Australia, probably Shark Bay area, Baudin expedition (iso: fragments and neg- atives NSW, photo BRI).
H. oleifolium var. oleifolium S.Reyn., Austrobaileya 1: 483 (1983).
H. oleifolium var. euryphyllum Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 89: 348 (1927). Type: Ham- ersley Range near Nichol Bay, W.A., /.Gregory’s Exped. (not seen).
Shrubs or small trees to 3 m high, 5 m wide, sometimes spinescent. Leaves glaucous or green, truncate, retuse or obtuse, 3.5-8(-10.5) cm X 0.7-2.7 cm. Petiole 4-10 mm long. Inflorescence racemiform or with racemiform branches. Calyx 3-6 mm wide, entire or subentire. Fruit 2- or 3-knob-lobed, to 2.2 cm diameter.
Distribution and Habitat: Western Australia. North West District: Hamersley Range to Tamala Station near Shark Bay; on red sand hills or grey sandy clay. Map 1.
Common name: Minga tree.
Notes and Observations: The stiff leaves and inflorescence with subsessile. or sessile cymules and red flowers on stout + patent pedicels distinguish this subspecies.
Maps 1-3. |. Alectryon oleifolius subsp. oleifolius. 2, A. oleifolius subsp. canescens. 3. A. oleifolius subsp. elongatus.
337
Alectryon oleifolius (Desf.) S.Reyn. subsp. canescens S.Reyn., subsp. nov.
Heterodendrum macrocalyx Radlk., Act. Congr. Bot. Amsterdam 119 (1877); = Sapind. Holl.-Ind. 49 (1879). Type: Murray River, collector unknown(syn: not seen); between Ooldea and Charlotte Waters, collector unknown (syn: not seen).
H. oleifolium Desf. var. macrocalyx (Radlk.) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 89: 348 (1927).
Shrubs or small trees to 6 m; branchlets, leaves and inflorescences densely white rath Leaves sericeous when young, obovate or elliptic, 5-8.5(-10) cm x 0.4~-1.6(-2.2) cm, obtuse, acute or subacute mucronate; petiole 2~16 mm long. Flowers solitary or in a few 39(—13) -flowered cymes, racemes or panicles. Calyx usually 4-6 mm wide, subentire. Fruit (1-)2- or 3-lobed, densely hairy, 1.2-2.5 cm diameter.
Distribution and Habitat: Common form in inland regions of Western Australia, South Australia, north-western New South Wales, Victoria and western Queensland; on sand dunes, sandy ridges and hills, and creekbanks. Map 2.
Common name: Bullock Bush, Black Apple Bush, Dogwood, Rosewood, Cabbage Bush. Aboriginal name: Mindra.
Etymology: The subspecific epithet refers to the canescent look of the plants.
Notes and Observations: This subspecies differs from the typical one in the pedicels tending to be long and slender whereas in subsp. oleifolius they are short and stout. The leaves and tips of branches droop in this subspecies.
Alectryon oleifolius (Desf.) S.Reyn. subsp. elongatus S.Reyn., subsp. nov.
Heterodendrum microcalyx Radlk., Act. Congr. Bot. Amsterdam 119 (1877); = Sapind. Holl.-Ind. 49 (1879). Type: Flinders River, collector unknown (holo: MEL).
H. oleifolium var. microcalyx (Radlk.) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 89: 348 (1927).
H. floribundum Pritzel in Fedde, Repert. 15: 358 (1918). Type: Central Australia, Hermannsburg at Finke River, Strehlow 43 (not seen).
Small trees to 13 m; tips of branches and leaves usually drooping. Branchlets, leaves and calyces puberulent or glabrous. Leaves light green, slender and long, narrowly elliptic, subfalcate, acute, acuminate or obtuse, (4-)5.7-15.5(-18) cm X 0.4-1(-1.8) cm; petiole 5-15 mm long. Inflorescence racemiform or densely flowered panicles, 5—53(—100)- flowered. Calyx 2.5—4 mm wide, subentire or laciniate. Fruit obcordate or didymous with divaricate lobes, 1.2-2.5 cm diameter, glabrous.
Distribution and Habitat: North-western Queensland, southern central Australia and to near Wyalong, New South Wales; in open forests usually on heavy soils. Map 3.
Common name: Boonaree, Australian Rosewood, Western Rosewood. Etymology: The subspecific epithet refers to the slender long leaves.
Notes and Observations: This subspecies is distinctive in having glabrous fruits, green leaves and densely flowered inflorescences with small flowers.
Some collections from Northern Territory differ shghtly in having wider leaves and very short dense inflorescence and laciniately lobed calyces. They were described as H. floribundum Pritzel, and have characters of both other subspecies. Further collections may prove it to be a distinct taxon, the collections seen so far are insufficient to form an opinion.
Alectryon coriaceus (Benth.) Radlk. and A. semicinereus (F.Muell.) Radlk.
The status of these two closely related species which were combined in the review of Alectryon by Reynolds (1983) is here reassessed in view of recent collections and the two species are shown to be distinct.
When the genus was reviewed A. semicinereus was known from only one poor collection from north Queensland (Voick 1414) apart from the type and some cultivated specimens at ORS. It was not unlike some of the collections of A. coriaceus from south-
338
eastern Queensland so that it was thought to be an acute-leaved form of A. coriaceus and placed under that species. Both species have similar leaves, with greyish lower surfaces of leaflets, and the same indumentum, inflorescences, flowers and fruits.
Recent additions to the collections from north Queensland show that the leaves of these specimens are distinct from those from south-eastern Queensland. Since the two species also differ ecologically, A. semicinereus 1s now considered to be a species distinct from A. coriaceus.
The key to the species (Reynolds 1983, pp. 472-473) should be amended. Delete & coriaceus’ from the first lead of Couplet 3 and substitute ‘3a’. Add the following ouplet 3a.
3a Leaflets 1-paired, rarely 2-paired, elliptic-oblong or obovate-oblong, broad, rounded or obtuse at both ends, 5.5-13.5 cm X 2.5-7.5 cm: lateral nerves 8-12 pairs. Petiolule short and stout, 3-5 mm long.. .. .. ..A. coriaceus
Leaflets 2- or 3-paired, rarely 1- or 4-paired, elliptic-oblong, narrowing and pointed at both ends, acute or acuminate, 9-19 cm X (4-)5.7-8.5 cm; lateral nerves 10-18 Das. Petiolule slender, pe 6-17 mm long Sot anes, © ee ae Swat, 3:1 8! . A. semicinereus
Alectryon coriaceus Fenih). Radlk., Act. Pacek Bot. Amsterdam [18 § (1877). = Sapind. Holl.-Ind. 48 (1879).
Distribution and Habitat: Grows in sublittoral forests, on coastal sands from Mary- borough, Queensland, to Port Stephens, New South Wales.
Alectryon semicinereus (F.Muell.) Radlk., Act. Congr. Bot. Amsterdam 118 (1877), = Sapind. Holl.-Ind. 48 (1879).
Distribution and Habitat: Grows in moist or subtropical rainforests in Queensland from the Atherton Tableland to Bulburin usually on basalt. Its distribution 1s as follows:
Cook DIsTRIcT: S.F. 191 [not S.F.R. 91 as labelled], Wongabel, S of Atherton, Jul 1959, Voick 1414 (BRD) S.F.R. 194, Parish of Barron, Carrington Rd, Jan 1985, Gray 3830 (ORS), Apr 1985, Gray 3996 (QRS); R. 1173, banks of the Barron River approx | km downstream from Atherton-Y ungaburra bridge, Mar 1982, Tracey 14925 (QRS): Kirrama S.F. near Kennedy, Jan 1985, Crowley (QRS); S.F.R. 607, Parish of Dinden, Bridle L.A., May 1985, Gray 4034 (QRS). PorRT CurRTISs District: Bulburin S.F 67, Jul 1985, McDonald 4076 (BRD), May 1986, Gibson 804 (BRI). [S.F. = State Forest; S.F.R. = State Forest Reserve: R, = Reserve; L.A.= Logging Area]
Acknowledgements
This is the final of the series of the study in Australian Sapindaceae, the completion of which would not have been possible without the assistance I have received. I would like to acknowledge my thanks to Les Pedley for his guidance and for providing or checking the latin diagnoses. My thanks are also due to Dr Bob Johnson and Rod Henderson for their help and comments. I am grateful to Laurie Jessup, Bill McDonald, Gordon Guymer, Trevor Stanley, Norm Byrnes, Bernie Hyland, Geoff Tracey, Philip Sharpe, Jeny Calway, Bruce Gray, John Clarkson, Bob Jago, Andrew Graham, J ohn Connors, Lloyd Bird and Aileen Wood for their comments or assistance, especially in providing essential specimens. I extend my thanks to the directors or keepers of the following herbaria for kindly loaning me their specimens for study, QRS, MEL, NSW, AD, PERTH, DNA, K, BM, A, L and PR.
This study has been based mainly on collections housed at BRI and QRS.
References
RADLKOFER, L.A.T. (1879). Ueber die Sapindaceen Hollandisch-Indiens. Reprinted from Actes du Congres International de Botanists, Amsterdam 1877: 70-133.
REYNOLDS, S.T. (1981). Notes on Sapindaceae in Australia, I. Austrobaileya 1: 388-419. REYNOLDS, S.T. (1983). Notes on Sapindaceae in Austalia, I]. Austrobaileya 1: 472-496. ‘1982’.
REYNOLDS, S.T. (1985). Sapindaceae (excluding Dodonaea & Diplopeltis). In A.S. George (ed.), Flora of Australia Vol. 25. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.
339
Austrobaileya 2(4): 339-343 (1987)
TWO NEW SPECIES OF NOTELAEA VENT. (OLEACEAE) FROM SOUTH-EASTERN QUEENSLAND
G.P. Guymer Queensland Herbarium, Meiers Road, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068
Summary
The new species Notelaea pungens and N. lloydii are described and illustrated.
During a collecting trip to the Barakula State Forest in November 1981, I collected fruiting material of a species of Notelaea which was unknown to me. Later examination of this material revealed that 1t represented a new species. However, I required flowering material to complete the study. This material has recently been obtained through the generous assistance of Mrs Val Hando of Chinchilla and enables the species to be formally described.
The second Notelaea species described in this paper was brought to my attention by Mr L.H.Bird of Bundamba who first collected material of it in 1981. Subsequent collections by him and examination of populations in the field have confirmed that it, too, 18 a new species.
__ Floral descriptions of the two new species are based on material preserved in Spirit. Notelaea pungens Guymer, sp. nov. affinis N. lineari Benth. sed foltis brevioribus pungentibus (1.1-3.2 cm longis), inflorescentiis 1-floribus et pedicellis brevioribus (0.5-0.6 mm longis) differt. Typus: Queensland, Darling Downs District: Percy
Grant Road, Barakula State Forest, 15 Jun 1985, V. Hando 378 (holo: BRI; iso: BRI,CANB, MEL ,NSW).
Compact small bushy shrubs 15-60 cm high. Branchlets puberulent with erect simple hairs, glabrescent. Leaves glabrous except for basal part of midrib above and petioles; lamina coriaceous, lanceolate, acute, slightly punctate above, less so below, 1.1-3.2 cm long, 4-5 mm wide; margin entire, thickened and slightly recurved; apex aristate; base attenuate into petiole; venation obscure above and below, visible with lens, lateral veins 7-9 pairs; petiole sparsely puberulent, to 1 mm long. Inflorescences axillary, 1 (or 2) per axil, metaxymonads, 2-3 mm long; axes puberulent; bracts 4-8, decussate; ovate, puberulent outside, margins ciliolate, persistent, 0.4—0.6 mm long. Flowers very pale green to pale yellow; pedicels sparsely puberulent, articulate at base, 0.5-0.6 mm long. Sepals semi-elliptic, apex acute, sparsely puberulent, margins ciliolate, Q.6-0.8 mm long. Corolla induplicate-valvate in bud, 4(-5)-lobed; lobes ovate, concave, usually in pairs, 1.9-2.5 mm long, 0.9-1.1 mm wide, joined above the base of filaments for 0.3-0.5 mm, margins ciliolate. Stamens 2, glabrous, enclosed within the concave corolla lobes; filaments 0.4-0.6 mm long with a broad connective and small terminal umbo; anthers 1.2-1.3 mm long, 1.1-1.2 mm wide. Ovary glabrous, 1-1.6 mm long at anthesis: style 0.3-0.4 mm long; stigma cream, 2-lobed, 0.3-0.4 mm long. Drupe globular to ovoid, dark blue, 7~10 mm long, 5-9 mm diameter: mesocarp 1-1.2 mm thick; endocarp crustaceous, 0.1-0.25 mm thick. Fig. 1. |
Specimens examined. Queensland. DARLING Downs District: N side of Big Break, between Barakula Office and Bollon Office, 2 km E of Burncluith road, Barakula State Forest, Mar 1985, Ballingall 1756 (BRI); Percy Grant road, Barakula State Forest, Mar 19835, Ballingall 1757 (BRD, June 1985, Hando 378 (BRI,CANB,MEL,NSW), 2 km S of Percy Grant Road, 26°23’S, 150°45’ E, Barakula State Forest, May 1986, Ballingall 2202 (BRD; Mothers Day patch [26°24’S, 150°45’E], Barakula State Forest, Nov 1981, Guymer 1630 (BRI ).
Distribution: N. pungens is known only from a small area within Barakula State Forest, north of Chinchilla.
miata hans set peel AE A CUA eee WA UR NHPC A eA AR Eng pe
340
Ecology: The species occurs in open eucalypt forests of FE. watsoniana F.Muell. and E. panda S.T.Blake on soils derived from sandstone.
Flowering period: May to July.
Fruiting period: November to March.
+
Notes: N. pungens will key to N. linearis in Green’s (1968) revision of Notelaea and in the Flora of South-eastern Queensland (Stanley & Ross 1986) but differs in its 1-flowered inflorescences, short pedicels (0.4-0.5 mm long) and pungent leaves.
Conservation status: The species 1s assessed as restricted and vulnerable (2V) using the risk coding of Leigh, Briggs and Hartley (1981).
Etymology: Named from the Latin pungens in reference to the sharp-pointed leaves.
Fig, 1. Notelaea pungens: A. flowering branchlet X 3. B.-stamen and two corolla lobes X 12. C. inflorescence xX 6. D. flower with front two corolla lobes removed showing ovary X 12. All from Hando 378.
341
Notelaea lloydii Guymer, sp. nov. affinis N. microcarpa R.Br. sed foliis perangustis verruculosis, inflorescentiis 5-9 floribus et habitu multicauli differt. Typus: Queens- land, Moreton District: End of Bunya Street, off Mt Crosby road, 13.8 km W of Kenmore P.O., Jul 1985, GP. Guymer 1990 (holo: BRI; iso: AD,BRI,CANB,DNA,K,L,MEL,MO,NSW,PERTH).
Multistemmed shrubs, 1-3(-4) m high; stems 2-4 cm diameter; bark pale grey, smooth. Branchlets puberulent with erect simple hairs, glabrescent. Leaves glabrous except pub- erulent base; lamina coriaceous, linear, slightly falcate, punctate above and below, 7-14 cm long, 2-5.5 mm wide (length:breadth ratio 30-72:1); margin entire, slightly raised and recurved; apex acute; base very narrowly cuneate, decurrent into petiole; venation distinct and raised above, obscure and flush below, lateral veins 9-12 pairs; petioles puberulent, 1-2 mm long. Juvenile leaves linear, 6-15 cm long, 1-2 mm wide. Inflo- rescences axillary, 1 or 2 per axil, metabotryoids, 5-9-flowered, 5-10 mm long; axes puberulent, sometimes glabrous apically; upper bracts ovate or lanceolate, caducous, sparsely puberulent outside, glabrous inside, 0.8-1.2 mm long, basal pair ovate-acute, puberulent outside, persistent, 1-1.5 mm long. Flowers pale yellow or cream; pedicels glabrous or sparsely puberulent, articulate at base, 3-5 mm long. Sepals glabrous or ciliolate at apex, triangular, apex acute or rounded, 0.2—0.6 mm long, 0.4-0.8 mm wide. Corolla induplicate-valvate in bud, 4-lobed; lobes ovate, concave, 0.9-2.2 mm long, 0.9—1 mm wide, joined in pairs above base of filament for 0.4-0.6 mm, glabrous. Stamens 2, glabrous, enclosed within the concave corolla lobes; filaments 0.1—0.2 mm long with a blunt terminal umbo; anthers 1.1-1.5 mm long, 1.3-1.4 mm wide. Ovary glabrous, 0.7-1 mm long at anthesis; style 0.1-0.15 mm long; stigma pink, 2-lobed, 0.25—0.35 mm long. Drupe globular to ovoid, dark blue, 6-8 mm long, 5-8 mm diameter; mesocarp {1~1.5 mm thick; endocarp woody, 0.3-0.4 mm thick. Fig. 2.
Specimens examined, Queensland. MORETON DISTRICT: Banks of Brisbane R., near Karana Downs, Jul 1981,
Bird AQ348158 (BRD; Cliffs above Brisbane R., near Karana Downs, Jun 1981, Bird AQ348213 (BRI); Mt Crosby —
road, opposite Bunya St, Jul 1985, Guymer 1987 & Self (BRI), Self & Dillewaard s.n. (BRILNE,NSW); end of Bunya St, off Mt Crosby road, 13.8 km W of Kenmore, Jul 1985, Guymer 1990 (AD,BRI,CANB, DNA,K,L,MEL,MO,NSW,PERTH), Guymer 1989 & Self (BRI,CBG,MEL,NE), Guymer 1988 & Self CBRI, K), Self & Dillewaard (AD,BRI,QRS); Tyamolum Scout camp site, vicinity of Kholo Ck, Bunya St, Mt Crosby, Nov Noa ray ER Senn eet aiep peseer ne Frenchs Ck road, ca 12 km SW of Boonah, Jul 1984, Bird A 5 RI).
Distribution: The species is known from the Mt Crosby area, on the western outskirts of the city of Brisbane and from the Boonah district, southwest of Brisbane.
Ecology: N. /ioydii occurs in the ecotone between eucalypt open forests and vine thickets. The most common associated eucalypts are FE. crebra F.Muell. and E. maculata Hook. with associated trees and shrubs of Brachychiton populneus (Schott & Endl.) R.Br., Alphitonia excelsa R.Br., Acacia aulacocarpa Cunn. ex Benth., A. concurrens Pedley, A. falcata Willd., and Diospyros ferrea (Willd.) Bakh. var. geminata (Willd.) Bakh.
Flowering period: June to early August. Fruiting period: October to December.
Notes: N. floydii will key to N. microcarpa in Green’s (1968) revision of Notelaea and in the Flora of South-eastern Queensland (Stanley & Ross 1986) but can be distinguished from this species by its verruculose linear leaves, 5-—9-flowered inflorescences and multistemmed habit.
Conservation status: The species is presently known from two locations sixty kilometres apart. The populations that occur on the Tyamolum Scout camp site and in Moggill State Forest (L.H.Bird, pers. comm.) are reasonably well protected from the encroaching urbanisation. However, N. //oydii is assessed as restricted and vulnerable (2V) using the sa one of Leigh, Briggs and Hartley (1981) until further distributional data are obtained.
Etymology: Named in honour of Mr Lloyd Bird of Bundamba who drew my attention ‘to the distinctiveness of this species. Mr Bird is an avid botanical collector who has provided numerous specimens of botanical importance for the Queensland Herbarium, including N. /loydii.
A SCORSERUM St Henle Be ‘. we
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342
Fig. 2. Notelaea lloydii: A. flowering branchiet X 2/3. B. stamen and two corolla lobes x 12. C. flower with front two corolla lobes removed showing ovary X 12. D. inflorescence X 4. E. fruiting branchlet X 2. A-D from Guymer 1990; E from Bird s.n. (Nov 1985).
343
Acknowledgments
The assistance of Mrs Val Hando in obtaining flowering and preserved material of N. pungens is gratefully acknowleged. I also wish to thank Mr Lloyd Bird for bringing N. lloydii to my attention and for discussion with him on its distribution. Mr Alan Self assisted with field work and Mr Will Smith drew the illustrations.
References GREEN, P.S. (1968). Revision of the genus Notelaea (Oleaceae). Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 49: 333-369.
LEIGH, J., BRIGGS, J. & HARTLEY, W. (1981). Rare or threatened Australian Plants. Australian National Parks and Wiidlife Service Special Publication no. 7. Canberra: Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service,
STANLEY, i & ROSS, E.M.(1986). Flora of South-eastern Queensland Vol. 2. Brisbane: Queensland Dept. Prim. Ind.
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Austrobatleya 2(4): 344-357 (1987)
RACOSPERMA MARTIUS (LEGUMINOSAE: MIMOSOIDEAE) IN QUEENSLAND: A CHECKLIST
L. Pedley Queensland Herbarium, Meters Road, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068
Summary
The 246 species of Racesperma Martius known to occur in Queensland are listed alphabetically. New combinations are made for 228 species, 14 subspecies and two varieties. Most of the species were previously referred to Acacia Miller.
The recognition of Acacia Miller subg. Phyllodineae Seringe as a distinct genus, Racosperma Martius (Pedley 1986), necessitates the transfer of most Australian species described as Acacia to Racosperma. Martius himself made only a few transfers. Racos- perma is reasonably well known in Queensland and now is an appropriate time to publish a list of species.
_ Changes in the rank of some taxa are made but the circumscription of the great majority remains as before (see Pedley 1978,1980,1981,1987; Pedley & Forster 1986).
Checklist
Racosperma acradenia (F.Muell.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia acradenia F.Muell., Iconog. Austral Acacia, Decade 11. 4th Plate (1888).
Racosperma adsurgens (Maiden & Blakely) Pedley, comb. nov. Are reens Maiden & Blakely, J. & Proc. Roy. Soc. Western Australia 13: 28 1 Racosperma aduncum (Cunn. ex G.Don) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia adunca Cunn. ex G.Don, Gen. Hist. 2: 406 (1832).
Racosperma allenianum (Maiden) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia alleniana Maiden in Ewart & Davies, Fl. N. Territory: 330 (1917).
Racosperma amblygonum (Cunn. ex Benth.) Pedley, comb. nov.
Acacia amblygona Cunn. ex Benth., London J. Bot. 1: 332 (1842). Racosperma ammophilum (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov.
Acacia ammophila Pedley, Austrobaileya 1: 197 (1978).
Racosperma ancistrocarpum (Maiden & Blakely) Pedley, comb. nov.
a on Maiden & Blakely, J. & Proc. Roy. Soc. Western Australia 13: 31 (1928).
Racosperma aneurum (F.Muell. ex Benth.) Pedley, comb. nov.
Acacia aneura F.Muell. ex Benth., Linnaea 26: 627 (1855). Racosperma angustum (Maiden & Blakely) Pedley, comb. nov.
Acacia angusta Maiden & Blakely, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 38: 115 (1927). Racosperma apreptum (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov.
Acacia aprepta Pedley, Contr. Queensland Herb. 15: 5 (1974).
Racosperma argyraeum (Tindale) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia argyraea Tindale, Contr. New South Wales Natl. Herb. 4: 141 (1970).
345
Racosperma argyrodendron (Domin) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia argyrodendron Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 89: 261 (1926).
Racosperma armillatum Pedley, Austrobaileya 2: 325 (1987).
Racosperma armitii (F.Muell. ex Maiden) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia armitii F.Muell. ex Maiden, J. & Proc. Roy. Soc. New South Wales 51: 84- (1917). Racosperma asperulaceum (F.Muell.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia asperulacea F.Muell., J. Proc. Linn, Soc., Bot. 3: 123 (1859).
Racosperma attenuatum (Maiden & Biakely) Pediey, comb. nov. Acacia attenuata Maiden & Blakely, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 38: 117 (1927).
Racosperma aulacocarpum (Cunn. ex Benth.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia aulacocarpa Cunn, ex Benth., London J. Bot. 1: 378 (1842). R. aulacocarpum var. aulacocarpum R. aulacocarpum var. fruticosum (C.White) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia aulacocarpa var. fruticosa C.White, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 57: 23 (1946).
Racosperma auriculiforme (Cunn. ex Benth.) Pedley, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 92: 247 (1986).
Racosperma baeuerlenii (Maiden & R.Baker) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia baeuerlenii Maiden & R.Baker, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales ser. 2, 10: 583 (1896). Racosperma baileyanum (F.Muell.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia baileyana F.Muell., Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc. Victoria 24: 168 (1888).
Racosperma bakeri (Maiden) Pediey, comb. nov. Acacia bakeri Maiden, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales ser. 2, 10: 337 (1895).
Racosperma bancroftii (Maiden) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia bancroftii Maiden, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 30: 26 (1918).
Racosperma baueri (Benth.) Pediey, comb. nov. Acacia baueri Benth., London J. Bot. 1: 344 (1842).
Racosperma betchei (Maiden & Blakely) Pedley, comb. nov. sae “iia Maiden & Blakely, J. & Proc. Roy. Soc. New South Wales 60: 174 1927).
Racosperma binervatum (DC.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia binervata DC., Prodr. 2: 452 (1825).
Racosperma blakei (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia blakei Pedley, Contr. Queensland Herb. 15: 6 (1974). R. blakei subsp. blakei R. blakei subsp. diphyllum (Tindale) Pedley, comb. & stat. nov. Acacia diphylla Tindale, Telopea 1: 79 (1975).
Racosperma brachycarpum (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov.
Acacia brachycarpa Pedley, Contr. Queensland Herb. 4: 5 (1969). Racosperma brachystachyum (Benth.) Pedley, comb. nov.
Acacia brachystachya Benth., Fl. Austral. 2: 403 (1864). Racosperma brassii (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov.
Acacia brassii Pedley, Contr. Queensland Herb. 15: 6 (1974).
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Racosperma brownei (Poiret) Pedley, comb. nov. Mimosa brownei Poiret, Encycl. Meth. Bot. Suppl. 5: 530 (1817).
Racosperma brunioides (Cunn. ex G.Don) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia brunioides Cunn. ex G.Don, Gen. Hist. 2: 404 (1832). R. brunioides subsp. brunioides R. brunioides subsp. graniticum (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia brunioides subsp. granitica Pedley, Austrobaileya 1: 246 (1980).
Racosperma burbidgeae (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia burbidgeae Pedley, Austrobaileya 1: 249 (1980).
Racosperma burrowii (Maiden) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia burrowii Maiden, J. & Proc. Roy. Soc. New South Wales 53: 227 (1920).
Racosperma buxifolium (Cunn.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia buxifolia Cunn. in Field, Geogr. Mem. New South Wales: 344 (18235). R: buxifolium subsp. buxifolium R. buxifolium subsp. pubiflorum (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia buxifolia subsp. pubiflora Pedley, Austrobaileya 1: 281 (1980).
Racosperma calanthum (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia calantha Pedley, Austrobaileya 1: 261 (1980). —
Racosperma calcicola (Forde & Ising) Pedley, comb. noy. Anos calcicola Forde & Ising, Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc. South Australia 81: 153 1958). Racosperma calyculatum (Cunn. ex Benth.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia calyculata Cunn. ex Benth., London J. Bot. 1: 379 (1842).
Racosperma cambagei (R.Baker) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia cambagei R.Baker, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 25: 661 (1901).
Racosperma canum (Maiden) Pedley, comb, nov. Acacia cana Maiden, J. & Proc. Roy. Soc. New South Wales 53: v(errata) (1920).
Racosperma caroleae (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia caroleae Pedley, Austrobaileya 1: 132 (1978).
Racosperma catenulatum (C.White) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia catenulata C.White, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 55: 63 (1944).
Racosperma centrinervium (Maiden & Blakely) Pedley, comb. nov. Aen Aa Maiden & Blakely, J. & Proc. Roy. Soc. New South Wales 60: 7).
The holotype was collected at Parkes, New South Wales. Two paratypes were cited: Inglewood, Queensland, C.J.Smith per C.White, October 1922 and Eummundi (SiC), Bailey (which we have not seen’). The species which is closely related to R.
ineatum is not represented in the collections of the Queensland Herbarium (BRI).
Racosperma chinchillense (Tindale) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia chinchillensis Tindale, Telopea 1: 380 (1978).
Racosperma chippendalei (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia chippendalei Pedley, Contr. Queensland Herb. 11: 12 (1972).
Racosperma chisholmii (Bailey) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia chisholmii Bailey, Queensland Agric. J. 4: 47 (1899).
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Racosperma cincinnatum (F.Muell.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia cincinnata F.Muell., Fragm. 11: 35 (1878). Racosperma complanatum (Cunn. ex Benth.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia complanata Cunn. ex Benth., London J. Bot. 1: 369 (1842).
Racosperma concurrens (Pedley) Pedley, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 92: 248 (1986). Racosperma confertum (Cunn. ex Benth.) Pedley, comb. nov.
Acacia conferta Cunn. ex Benth., London J. Bot. 1: 345 (1842). Racosperma conjunctifolium (F.Muell.) Pedley, comb. nov.
Acacia conjunctifolia F.Muell., Fragm. 11: 68 (1879). Racosperma coriaceum (DC.) Pedley, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 92: 248 (1986). Racosperma cowleanum (Tate) Pedley, comb. nov.
Acacia cowleana Tate, Report Horn Sci. Exped. III: 157,187 (1896).
Racosperma crassum (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia crassa Pedley, Contr. Queensland Herb. 15: 9 (1974). R. crassum subsp. crassum R. crassum subsp. longicomum (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov. A, crassa subsp. longicoma Pedley, Austrobaileya 1: 178 (1978).
Racosperma crassicarpum (Cunn. ex Benth.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia crassicarpa Cunn. ex Benth., London J. Bot. 1: 379 (1842).
Racospermum cretatum (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia cretata Pedley, Contr. Queensland Herb. 4: i (1969).
Racosperma crombiei (C.White) Pedley, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 92: 247 (1986).
Racosperma cultriforme (Cunn. ex G.Don) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia cultriformis Cunn. ex G.Don, Gen. Hist. 2: 406 (1832).
Racosperma curranil (Maiden) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia curranit Maiden, J. & Proc. Roy. Soc. New South Wales 49: 492 (1916).
Racosperma cyperophyllum (F.Muell. ex Benth.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia cyperophylla F.Muell. ex Benth., Fl. Austral. 2: 400 (1864).
Racosperma dawsonil (R.Baker) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia dawsonti R.Baker, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 22: 153 (1897).
Racosperma deanei (R.Baker) Pedley, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 92: 248 (1986). Racosperma debile (Tindale) Pedley, comb. nov.
Acacia debilis Tindale, Telopea 1: 382 (1978). Racosperma decorum (H.G.Reichb.) Pedley, comb. nov.
Acacia decora H.G.Reichb., Iconogr. Bot. Exot. 2: 35 (1838). Racosperma deuteroneurum (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov.
Acacia deuteroneura Pedley, Austrobaileya 1: 293 (1980).
Racosperma dictyophlebum (F.Mueil.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia dictyophleba F.Muell., Fragm. 3: 128 (1863).
Racosperma dietrichianum (F.Muell.) Pediey, comb. nov. Acacia dietrichiana F.Muell., S. Sci. Rec. 2: 149 (1882),
348
Racosperma difficile (Maiden) Pediey, comb. nov. Acacia difficilis Maiden in Ewart & Davies, Fl. N. Territory: 344 (1917).
Racosperma dimidiatum (Benth.) Pediey, comb. noy. Acacia dimidiata Benth., London J. Bot. 1: 381 (1842).
Racosperma drepanocarpum (F.Muell.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia drepanocarpa F.Muell., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 3: 137 (1859). R. drepanocarpum subsp. drepanocarpum R. drepanocarpum subsp. latifolium (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia drepanocarpa subsp. latifolia Pedley, Contr. Queensland Herb. 15: 10 (1974). Racosperma ensifolium (Pedley) Pedley, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 92: 248 (1986).
Racosperma eremophiloides (Pedley & P.F orster) Pedley, comb. nov.
Acacia eremophiloides Pedley & P.Forster, Austrobaileya 2: 277 (1986). Racosperma estrophiolatum (F.Muell.) Pedley, comb. noy.
Acacia estrophiolata F.Muell., S. Sci. Rec. 2: 150 (1882).
Racosperma everistii (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia everistii Pedley, Austrobaileya 1: 279 (1980).
Racosperma excelsum (Benth.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia excelsa Benth. in Mitchell, J. Exped. Trop. Australia: 225 (1848). R. excelsum subsp. excelsum R. excelsum subsp. angustum (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov. A. excelsa subsp. angusta Pedley, Austrobaileya 1: 213 (1978).
Racosperma falcatum (Wilid.) Martius, Hort. Reg. Monac. Semin. (1835). I inadvertently made this combination a second time (Pedley 1986).
Racosperma falciforme (DC.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia falciformis DC., Prodr. 2: 452 (1825).
Racosperma fasciculiferum (F.Muell. ex Benth.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia fasciculifera F.Muell. ex Benth., Fl. Austral. 2: 361 (1864).
Racosperma filicifolium (Cheel & Welch) Pedley, comb. nov.
ae ane Cheel & Welch, J. & Proc. Roy. Soc. New South Wales 65: 232
Racosperma fimbriatum (Cunn. ex G.Don) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia fimbriata Cunn. ex G.Don, Gen. Hist. 2: 406 (1832).
Racosperma flavescens (Cunn. ex Benth.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia flavescens Cunn. ex Benth., London J. Bot. 1: 381 (1842).
Racosperma fleckeri (Pedley) Pediey, comb. nov. Acacia fleckeri Pedley, Austrobaileya 1: 211 (1978). Racosperma flexifolium (Cunn. ex Benth.) Pediey, comb. nov. Acacia flexifolia Cunn, ex Benth., London J. Bot. 1: 359 (1842).
Racosperma floribundum (Vent.) Pedley, comb. nov. Mimosa floribunda Vent., Choix des Plantes t.13 (1803).
Racosperma floydii (Tindale) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia floydii Tindale, Telopea 1: 439 (1980).
349
Racosperma galioides (Benth.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia galioides Benth., London J. Bot. 1: 344 (1842).
_ Contrary to my previous treatment of this taxon (Pedley 1972) I have not recognised any infraspecific taxa.
Racosperma georginae (Bailey) Pedley, comb. nov.
Acacia georginae Bailey, Queensland Depart. Agric. Stock., Bot. Bull. 13: 9 (1896). Racosperma gittinsii (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov.
Acacia gittinsii Pedley, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 75: 30 (1964),
Racosperma glaucocarpum (Maiden & Blakely) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia glaucocarpa Maiden & Blakely, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 38: 120 (1927).
Racosperma gnidium (Benth.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia gnidium Benth., Fl. Austral. 2: 359 (1864).
Racosperma gonocladum (F.Muell.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia gonoclada F.Muell., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 3: 140 (1859).
Racosperma grandifolium (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia grandifolia Pedley, Austrobaileya 1: 183 (1978), Racosperma graniticum (Maiden) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia granitica Maiden, J. & Proc. Roy. Soc. New South Wales 54: 230 (1921). Racosperma gunnii (Benth.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia gunnii Benth., London J. Bot. 1: 332 (1842). Racosperma guymeri (Tindale) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia guymeri Tindale, Telopea 1: 377 (1978). Racosperma hakeoides (Cunn. ex Benth.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia hakeoides Cunn. ex Benth., London J. Bot. 1: 354 (1842).
Racosperma hammondii (Maiden) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia hammondii Maiden, J. & Proc. Roy. Soc. New South Wales 51: 95 (1917).
Racosperma handonis (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia handonis Pedley, Austrobaileya 1: 344 (1981).
Racosperma harpophyllum (F.Muell. ex Benth.) Pedley, comb. nov.
Acacia harpophylla F.Muell. ex Benth., Fl. Austral. 2: 389 (1864). Racosperma hemignostum (F.Muell.) Pedley, comb. nov.
Acacia hemignosta F.Muell., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 3: 134 (1859). Racosperma hemsleyi (Maiden) Pediey, comb. nov.
Acacia hemsleyi Maiden, J. & Proc. Roy. Soc. New South Wales 51: 87 (1917). Racosperma hillianum (Maiden) Pedley, comb. nov.
Acacia hilliana Maiden in Ewart & Davies, Fl. N. Territory: 340 (1917). Racosperma hispidulum (Smith) Martius, Hort. Reg. Monac. Semin. (1835). Racosperma hockingsii (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov.
Acacia hockingsii Pedley, Austrobaileya 1: 255 (1980).
Racosperma holosericeum (Cunn. ex G.Don) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia holosericea Cunn. ex G.Don, Gen. Hist. 2: 407 (1832).
350
Racosperma holotrichum (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia holotricha Pedley, Austrobaileya 1: 275 (1980).
Racosperma homalocladum (F.Muell.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia homaloclada F.Muell., Fragm. 11: 34 (1878).
Racosperma hubbardianum (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia hubbardiana Pediey, Contr. Queensland Herb. 4: 2 (1969).
Racosperma humifusum (Cunn. ex Benth.) Pedley, comb. noy. . Acacia humifusa Cunn. ex Benth., London J.Bot. 1: 382 (1842). ©
Racosperma hyaloneurum (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia hyaloneura Pedley, Austrobaileya 1: 157 (1978).
Racosperma hylonomum (Pedley) Pedley, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 92: 248 (1986).
Racosperma implexum (Benth.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia implexa Benth., London J. Bot. 1: 368 (1842).
Racosperma trroratum (Sieber ex Sprengel) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia irrorata Sieber ex Sprengel, Syst. Veg. ed. 16. 3: 141 (1826).
Racosperma islanum (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia islana Pedley, Austrobaileya 1: 249 (1980).
Racosperma ixiophyllum (Benth.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia ixiophylla Benth., London J. Bot. 1: 364 (1842),
Racosperma ixodes (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia ixodes Pedley, Austrobaileya 1: 256 (1980).
Racosperma jackesianum (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia jackesiana Pedley, Austrobaileya 1: 128 (1978).
Racosperma johnsonii (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia johnsonii Pedley, Austrobaileya 1: 245 (1980).
Racosperma jucundum (Maiden & Blakely) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia jucunda Maiden & Blakely, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 38: 119 (1927).
Racosperma juliferum (Benth.) Pedley, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 92: 248 (1986). R. juliferum subsp. juliferum R. juliferum subsp. gilbertense (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia julifera subsp. gilbertensis Pedley, Austrobaileya 1: 162 (1978).
Racosperma juncifolium (Benth.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia juncifolia Benth., London J. Bot. 1: 341 (1842).
Racosperma kempeanum (F.Muell.) Pedley, comb. nov.
ae F,.Muell., Chem. & Druggist 5(51) Australasian Supplement: 26
Racosperma laccatum (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia laccata Pedley, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 75: 31 (1964).
Racosperma lanigerum (Cunn.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia lanigera Cunn. in Field, Geogr. Mem. New South Wales: 345 (1825).
Racosperma latifolium (Benth.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia latifolia Benth., London J. Bot. 1: 382 (1842).
351
Racosperma latisepalum (Pediey) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia latisepala Pedley, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 75: 31 (1964).
Racosperma lautum (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia lauta Pedley, Austrobaileya 1: 257 (1980).
Racosperma lazaridis (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia lazaridis Pedley, Austrobaileya 1: 341 (1981).
Racosperma legnotum (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia legnota Pedley, Austrobaileya 1: 215 (1978).
Racosperma leichhardtii (Benth.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia leichhardtii Benth., Fl. Austral. 2: 372 (1864).
Racosperma leiocalyx (Domin) Pedley, comb. et stat. nov. Acacia glaucescens Willd. var. leiocalyx Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 89: 269 (1926). Variation within the species is great; further work is needed and no infraspecific taxa are recognised at this time. Racosperma leptocarpum (Cunn. ex Benth.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia leptocarpa Cunn. ex Benth., London J. Bot. 1: 376 (1842).
Racosperma leptolobum (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia leptoloba Pedley, Austrobaileya 1: 220 (1978).
Racosperma leptostachyum (Benth.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia leptostachya Benth., Fl. Austral. 2: 406 (1864).
Racosperma leucocladum (Tindale) Pedley, comb.nov. Acacia leucoclada Tindale, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales: 91: 149 (1966). R. leucocladum subsp. leucocladum
New South Wales, not in Queensland. : R. leucocladum subsp. argentifolium (Tindale) Pedley, comb. nov.
Acacia leucoclada subsp. argentifolia Tindale, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 91: 151 (1966),
Racosperma ligulatum (Cunn. ex Benth.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia ligulata Cunn. ex Benth., London J. Bot. 1: 362 (1842).
I have followed Whibley (1980), Maslin (1981) and Maslin & Pedley (1982) in recognising this taxon as a distinct species rather than as a subspecies of Acacia bivenosa DC. (Pedley 1977).
Racosperma limbatum (F.Muell.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia limbata F.Muell., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 3: 145 (1859).
Racosperma lineatum (Cunn. ex G.Don) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia lineata Cunn. ex G.Don, Gen. Hist. 2: 403 (1832).
Racosperma longipedunculatum (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia longipedunculata Pedley, Contr. Queensland Herb. 11: 17 (1972),
Racosperma longispicatum (Benth.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia longispicata Benth. in Mitchell, J. Exped. Trop. Australia: 298 (1848). R. longispicatum subsp. longispicatum R. longispicatum subsp. velutinum (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia longispicata subsp. velutina Pedley, Austrobaileya 1: 176 (1978).
352
Racosperma longissimum (H.Wendl.) Pedley, comb. nov, Acacia longissima H.Wendl., Comm. Acac. 5: 45 (1820).
Racosperma lorolobum (Tindale) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia loroloba Tindale, Contr. New South Wales Natl. Herb. 4: 137 (1970).
Racosperma lysiphloitum (F.Muell.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia lysiphloia F.Muell., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 3: 137 (1859). Racosperma macradenium (Benth.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia macradenia Benth. in Mitchell. J. Exped. Tropical Australia: 360 (1848).
Racosperma maidenii (F.Muell.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia maidenii F.Muell., Bot. Centralbl. 51: 398 (1892).
Racosperma maitlandii (F.Muell.) Pedley, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 92: 248 (1986).
Racosperma mangium (Willd.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia mangium Willd., Sp. Plant. ed. 4. 4: 1053 (1806).
Racosperma maranoense (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia maranoensis Pedley, Austrobaileya 1: 194 (1978). Racosperma megalanthum (F.Muell.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia megalantha F.Muell., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 3: 143 (1859). Racosperma meiospermum Pedley, Austrobaileya 2: 321 (1987). Racosperma melanoxylon (R.Br.) Martius, Hort. Reg. Monac. Semin. (1835). This combination was inadvertently made by me a second time (Pedley 1986).
Racosperma melleodorum (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov.
Acacia melleodora Pedley, Austrobaileya 1: 205 (1978). Racosperma melvillei (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov.
Acacia melyillei Pedley, Austrobaileya 1: 201 (1978). Racosperma microcephalum (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov.
Acacia microcephala Pedley, Austrobaileya 1: 193 (1978). Racosperma microspermum (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov.
Acacia microsperma Pedley, Contr. Queensland Herb. 15: 21 (1974). Racosperma mimulum (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov.
Acacia mimula Pedley, Austrobaileya 1: 29 (1977). Racosperma montanum (Benth.) Pedley, comb. nov.
Acacia montana Benth., London J. Bot. 1: 360 (1842).
Racosperma monticola (J.Black) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia monticola J-Black, Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc. South Australia 61: 246 (1937),
Racosperma muellerianum (Maiden & R.Baker) Pedley, comb. nov.
Acacia muelleriana Maiden & R.Baker, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales ser. 2, 8: 515 (1894).
Racosperma multisiliquum (Benth.) Pedley, comb. et. stat. nov. Acacia simsii Benth. var. multisiliqua Benth., Fl. Austral. 2: 383 (1864).
Racosperma murrayanum (F.Muell. ex Benth.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia murrayana F.Muell. ex Benth., Fl. Austral. 2: 370 (1864).
Racosperma myrtifolium. (Smith) Martius, Hort. Reg. Monac. Semin. (1835).
353
Racosperma neriifolium (Cunn. ex Benth.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia neriifolia Cunn. ex Benth., London J. Bot. 1: 357 (1842). R. neriifolium subsp. neriifolium R. neriifolium subsp. pustulum (Maiden & Blakely) Pedley, comb. et stat. nov. Acacia pustula Maiden & Blakely, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 38: 117 (1927). Racosperma nesophilum (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia nesophila Pedley, Contr. Queensland Herb. 15: 12 (1974). Racosperma nuperrimum (E.G.Baker) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia nuperrima E.G.Baker, J. Bot. 6: 92 (1926). R. nuperrimum subsp. nupperimum R. nuperrimum subsp. cassiterum (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia nuperrima subsp. cassitera Pedley, Austrobaileya 1: 188 (1978). Racosperma obtusifolium (Cunn.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia obtusifolia Cunn. in Field, Geogr. Mem. New South Wales: 345 (1825). Racosperma oligophlebum (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia oligophleba Pedley, Austrobaileya 1: 174 (1978). Racosperma omalophyllum (Cunn. ex Benth.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia omalophylla Cunn. ex Benth., London J. Bot. 1: 365 (1842).
Racosperma ommatospermum Pedley, Austrobaileya 2: 327 (1987). Racosperma orarium (F.Muell.) Pedley, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 92: 249 (1986).
Racosperma orites (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia orites Pedley, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 75: 32 (1964).
Racosperma orthocarpum (F.Muell.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia orthocarpa F.Muell., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 3: 136 (1859).
Racosperma oshanesii (F.Muell. & Maiden) Pedley, comb. nov.
Acacia oshanesti F.Muell. & Maiden, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales ser. 2, 8: 15 (1893).
Racosperma oswaldii (F.Muell.) Pedley, comb. noy.
Acacia oswaldii F.Muell., Pl. Indig. Colony Victoria 2: 27 (1863). Racosperma paniculatum Pedley, Austrobaileya 2: 324 (1987).
Racosperma paradoxum (DC.) Martius, Hort. Reg. Monac. Semin. (1835). Racosperma pendulum (Cunn. ex G.Don) Pedley, comb. nov.
Acacia pendula Cunn. ex G.Don, Gen. Hist. 2: 404 (1832).
Racosperma penninerve (Sicber ex DC.) Pedley, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 92: 239 (1986). R. penninerve var. penninerve R. penninerve var. longiracemosum (Domin) Pedley, comb. nov.
Acacia penninervis var. longiracemosa Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 89: 254 (1926). Racosperma perangustum (C.White) Pedley, comb. & stat. nov.
Acacia fimbriata var. perangusta C.White, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 50: 72 (1939). Racosperma petraeum (Pedley) Pediey, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 92: 249 (1986). Racosperma peuce (F.Muell.) Pediey, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 92: 249 (1986). Racosperma phlebocarpum (F.Muell.) Pedley, comb. nov.
Acacia phlebocarpa F.Muell., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 3: 119 (1859).
354
Racosperma platycarpum (F.Muell.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia platycarpa F.Muell., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 3: 145 (1859). Racosperma plectocarpum (Cunn. ex Benth.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia plectocarpa Cunn. ex Benth., London J. Bot. 1: 375 (1842). R. plectocarpum subsp. plectocarpum Northern Territory and Western Australia, not in Queensland. R. plectocarpum subsp. tanumbirinense (Maiden) Pedley, comb. et stat. nov. Acacia tanumbirinensis Maiden in Ewart & Davis, Fl. N. Territory: 338 (1917).
Racosperma podalyriifolium (Cunn. ex G.Don) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia podalyriifolia Cunn. ex G.Don, Gen. Hist. 2: 405 (1832).
Racosperma polifolium (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia polifolia Pedley, Austrobaileya 1: 294 (1980).
Racosperma polyadenium Pedley, Austrobaileya 2: 322 (1987).
Racosperma polybotryum (Benth.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia polybotrya Benth., London J. Bot. 1: 384 (1842).
Racosperma polystachyum (Cunn. ex Benth.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia polystachya Cunn. ex Benth., London J. Bot. 1: 376 (1842).
Racosperma pravifolium (F.Mueil.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia pravifolia F.Muell., Fragm. 1: 4 (1858). Racosperma pruinosum (Cunn. ex Benth.) Pedley, comb. nov. | Acacia pruinosa Cunn. ex Benth., London J. Bot. 1: 383 (1842). Racosperma pubicostum (C.White) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia pubicosta C.White, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 50: 73 (1939).
Racosperma pubifolium (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov.
Acacia pubifolia Pedley, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 74: 59 (1964). Racosperma pubirhachis (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov.
Acacia pubirhachis Pedley, Contr. Queensland Herb. 15: 15 (1974).
Racosperma purpureipetalum (Bailey) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia purpureapetala Bailey, Queensland Agric. J. 15: 780 (1905).
Racosperma quadrilaterale (DC.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia quadrilateralis DC., Prodr. 2: 451 (1825). Racosperma ramiflorum (Domin) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia ramiflora Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 89: 260 (1926). Racosperma ramulosum (W.V.Fitzg.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia ramulosa W.V.Fitzg., J. Western Australian Nat. Hist. Soc. 2: 15 (1905). Racospermum resinicostatum (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia resinicostata Pedley, Contr. Queensland Herb. 15: 1 (1974). Racosperma retiveneum (F.Muell.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia retivenea F.Muell., Fragm. 3: 128 (1863).
Racosperma rhodoxylon (Maiden) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia rhodoxylon Maiden, J. & Proc. Roy. Soc. New South Wales 53: 223 (1920).
355
Racosperma rigens (Cunn. ex G.Don) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia rigens Cunn, ex G.Don, Gen. Hist. 2: 403 (1832).
Racosperma rothii (Bailey) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia rothii Bailey, Queensland Agric. J. 6: 39 (1900).
Racosperma rubidum (Cunn.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia rubida Cunn. in Field, Geogr. Mem. New South Wales: 344 (1825).
Racosperma ruppli (Maiden & Betche) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia ruppii Maiden & Betche, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 37: 244 (1912).
Racosperma salicinum (Lindley) Pedley, comb. nov.
Acacia salicina Lindley in Mitchell, Three Exped. Australia 2: 20 (1838). Racospermum salignum (Labill.) Pedley, comb. nov.
Mimosa saligna Labill., Nov. Holl. Pl. 2: 86 (1806). Racosperma saxicola (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov.
Acacia saxicola Pedley, Contr. Queensland Herb. 4: 4 (1969).
Racosperma semilunatum (Maiden & Blakely) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia semilunata Maiden & Blakely, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 38: 11 (1927).
Racosperma semirigidum (Maiden & Blakely) Pedley, comb. nov. . Acacia semirigida Maiden & Blakely, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 38: 116 (1927).
Racosperma shirleyi (Maiden) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia shirleyi Maiden, J. & Proc. Roy. Soc. New South Wales 53: 218 (1920).
Racosperma simsii (Benth.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia simsii Benth., London J. Bot. 1: 368 (1842).
Racosperma sophorae (Labill.) Martius, Hort. Reg. Monac. Semin. (1835).
Racosperma spanium (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia spania Pedley, Austrobaileya 1: 140 (1978).
Racosperma sparsiflorum (Maiden) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia sparsiflora Maiden, J. & Proc. Roy. Soc. New South Wales 53: 221 (1920).
Racosperma spectabile (Cunn. ex Benth.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia spectabilis Cunn. ex Benth., London J. Bot. 1: 383 (1842).
Racosperma spirorbe (Labill.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia spirorbis Labill., Sert. Austro-caled. 69, t.69 (1825). R. spirorbe subsp. spirorbe } Acacia solandri subsp. kajewskii Pedley, Contr. Queensland Herb. 18: 21 (1975), syn. nov. New Caledonia, Loyalty Is and Vanuatu, not in Australia. | R, spirorbe subsp. solandri (Benth.) Pedley, comb. et stat. nov. Acacia solandri Benth., Fl. Austral. 2: 406 (1864).
I agree with Nielsen (1983) that A. solandri should be treated as a subspecies of A. spirorbis, and have therefore reduced it in rank.
Racosperma spondylophyllum (F.Muell.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia spondylophylla F.Muell., Fragm. 8: 243 (1874).
Racosperma stenophyllum (Cunn. ex Benth.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia stenophylla Cunn. ex Benth., London J. Bot. 1: 366 (1842).
356
Racosperma stipuligerum (F.Muell.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia stipuligera F.Muell., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 3: 144 (1859). R. stipuligerum subsp. stipuligerum Northern Territory, not in Queensiand. R. stipuligerum subsp. glabrifolium (Maiden & Blakely) Pediey, stat. nov.
Acacia stipuligera var. glabrifolia Maiden & Blakely, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 38: 120 (1927).
Racosperma storyi (Tindale) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia storyi Tindale, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 91: 147 (1966).
Racosperma stowardii (Maiden) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia stowardii Maiden, J. & Proc. Roy. Soc. New South Wales $1: 269 (1917).
Racosperma striatifolium (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia striatifolia Pedley, Austrobaileya 1: 141 (1978).
Racosperma strictum (Andr.) Martius, Hort. Reg. Monac. Semin. (1835).
Racosperma strongylophyllum (F.Mueil.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia strongylophyllum F.Muell., Fragm. 8: 226 (1874).
Racosperma suaveolens (Smith) Martius, Hort. Reg. Monac. Semin. (1835).
Racospermum tenuinerve (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia tenuinervis Pedley, Austrobaileya 1: 142 (1978).
Racosperma tenuissimum (F.Muell.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia tenuissima F.Muell., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 3: 135 (1859).
_ Racosperma tephrinum (Pedley) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia tephrina Pedley, Austrobaileya 1: 342 (1981).
Racosperma tetragonophyllum (F.Muell.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia tetragonophylla F.Muell., Fragm. 4: 3 (1863).
Racosperma tindaleae (Pedley) Pediey, comb. nov. Acacia tindaleae Pedley, Austrobaileya 1: 248 (1980).
Racosperma torulosum (Benth.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia torulosa Benth., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 3: 139 (1859).
Racosperma translucens (Cunn. ex Hook.) Pediey, comb. nov. Acacia translucens Cunn. ex Hook., Icon. Pl. 2: t.160 (1837).
Racosperma tripterum (Benth.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia triptera Benth., London J. Bot. 1: 325 (1842).
Racosperma tropicum (Maiden & Blakely) Pedley, comb. & stat. nov. Acacia cunninghamii Hook. var. tropica Maiden & Blakely, J. & Proc. Roy. Soc. Western Australia 13: 31 (1928), Racosperma ulicifolium (Salisb.) Pedley, comb. nov. Mimosa ulicifolia Salisb., Prod. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 324 (1796).
Racosperma umbellatum (Cunn. ex Benth.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia umbellata Cunn. ex Benth., London. J. Bot. 1: 378 (1842).
Racosperma unciferum (Benth.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia uncifera Benth. in Mitchell, J. Exped. Trop. Australia: 341 (1848).
357
Racospermum uncinatum (Lindley) Pedley, comb. nov.
Acacia uncinata Lindley, Bot. Reg. 16: t.1332 (1830). Racosperma venulosum (Benth.) Pedley, comb. nov.
Acacia venulosa Benth., London J. Bot. 1: 366 (1842). Racosperma vernicifluum (Cunn.) Pedley, comb. nov. -
Acacia verniciflua Cunn. in Field, Geogr. Mem. New South Wales: 344 (1825). Racosperma victoriae (Benth.) Pedley, comb. nov.
Acacia victoriae Benth. in Mitchell, J. Exped. Trop. Australia: 333 (1848). Racosperma viscidulum (Benth.) Pedley, comb. nov.
Acacia viscidula Benth., London J. Bot. 1: 363 (1842). Racosperma wardellii (Tindale) Pedley, comb. nov.
Acacia wardellii Tindale, Contr. New South Wales Natl. Herb. 4: 139 (1970). Racosperma whitei (Maiden) Pedley, comb. nov.
Acacia whitet Maiden, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 30: 35 (1918).
Racosperma wickhamii (Benth.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia wickhamii Benth., London J. Bot. 1: 377 (1842).
Acknowledgement
I am grateful to Mr A.D.Chapman, Bureau of Flora and Fauna, Canberra who made available to me part of his Australian Plant Name Index. Without it the compilation . of a list such as this would have been much more difficult than it proved to be.
References MASLIN, B.R. (1981). Acacia. In J.P.Jessop (ed.), Flora of Central Australia. Sydney: Reed.
MASLIN, B.R. & PEDLEY, L. (1982). The distribution of Acacia (Leguminosae: PON in Australia. Part l. Species distribution maps. Western Australian Herbarium Research Notes. No.6. 1-12
NIELSEN, I. (1983). Leguminosae: Mimosoideae. In J.F. Leroy & H.S. Mackee (eds.), Fiore de la Nouvelle- Caledonie et dependances. 12. Paris: Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle.
PEDLEY, L. (1972). A revision of Acacia lycopodiifolia A.Cunn. ex Hook. and its allies. Contributions from the Queensland Herbarium No. i1.
PEDLEY, L. (1977). Notes on Leguminosae. |. Austrobaileya 1: 25-42.
PEDLEY, L. (1978). A revision of Acacia Mill. in Queensland. Austrobaileya 1: 75-234.
PEDLEY, L. (1980). A revision of Acacia Mill. in Queensland (concluded). Austrobaileya 1: 235-337 ‘1979’, PEDLEY, L. (1981). Further notes on Acacia in Queensland. Austrobaileya: \: 339-345.
PEDLEY, L. (1986). Derivation and dispersal of Acacia (Leguminosae) with particular reference to Australia, and the recognition of Senegalia and Racosperma. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 92: 219-254.
PEDLEY, L. (1987). Notes on Racosperma (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae), 1. Austrobaileya 2: 321-327.
PEDLEY, L. & FORSTER, P.L (1986). Acacia eremophiloides (Mimosaceae) a new species from south-eastern Queensland. Austrobaileya 2: 277-280.
WHIBLEY, D.J.E. (1980). Acacias of South Australia. Adelaide: Government Printer.
358
Austrobaileya 2(4); 358-359 (1987)
RACOSPERMA MARTIUS (LEGUMINOSAE: MIMOSOIDEAE) IN NEW ZEALAND: A CHECKLIST
L. Pedley Queensland Herbarium, Meiers Road, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068
Summary
Thirteen species of Racosperma Martius are naturalised in New Zealand and one is widely cultivated. These species, which were all formerly referred to Acacia Miller, are listed. New combinations are made for five of them, and for one variety. e
The recognition of Racosperma Martius as a genus distinct from Acacia Miller (Pedley 1986) necessitates the transfer of many taxa to Racosperma. A few new com- binations were made by Martius in his validation of the name Racosperma (Martius 1835), and combinations for Queensland taxa are made in this volume (Pediey 1987), but a considerable number are still required.
Thirteen species of Racosperma are naturalised in New Zealand and one is widely ~ cultivated (Webb 1980 & in litt. 1986). These are listed below.
Naturalised Species Racosperma baileyanum (F.Muell.) Pedley, Austrobaileya 2: 345 (1987).
Racosperma dealbatum (Link) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia dealbata Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 445 (1822),
Racosperma decurrens (Willd.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia decurrens Willd., Sp. Plant. ed.4. 4: 1072 (1806).
Racosperma elatum (Cunn. ex Benth.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia elata Cunn. ex Benth., London J. Bot. 1: 383 (1842).
Racosperma floribundum (Vent.) Pedley, Austrobaileya 2: 348 (1987). Racosperma longifolium (Andr.) Martius, Hort. Reg. Monac. Semin. (1835).
Racosperma mearnsii (De Wild.) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia mearnsii De Wild., Pl. Bequaert. 3: 61 (1925).
Racosperma melanoxylon (R.Br.) Martius, Hort. Reg. Monac. Semin. (1835). Racosperma paradoxum (DC.) Martius, Hort. Reg. Monac. Semin. (1835).
Racosperma parramattense (Tindale) Pedley, comb. nov. Acacia parramattensis Tindale, Contr. New South Wales Natl. Herb. 3: 127 (1962).
Racosperma podalyriifolium (Cunn. ex G.Don) Pedley, Austrobatleya 2: 354 (1987). Racosperma sophorae (Labill.) Martius, Hort. Reg. Monac. Semin. (1835). Racosperma verticillatum (L’Herit.) Martius, Hort. Reg. Monac. Semin. (1835).
R. verticillatum var. verticillatum
R. verticillatum var. latifolium Pedley, nom. nov.
Acacia verticillata var. latifolia Benth., Linnaea 26: 611 (1855) nom. illeg. non A. verticillata var. latifolia DC., Prodr. 2: 454 (1825) quae est Racosperma ulicifolium (Salisb.) Pedley.
359
Cultivated Species Racosperma pravissimum (F.Muell. ex Benth.) Pedley, comb. nov.
Acacia pravissima F.Muell. ex Benth., Linnaea 26: 608 (1855). Acacia pravissima F.Muell., First Gen. Report 12 (1853), nomen nudum.
Acknowledgements
I am grateful to Dr Colin J. Webb, DSIR, Christchurch, New Zealand for making available his list of taxa naturalised in New Zealand: and to Mr Arthur D. Chapman, Bureau of Flora & Fauna, Canberra whose Australian Plant Names Index has been of great help in finding places of publication.
References MARTIUS, C.F.P. VON (1835). Racosperma. Hortus Regius Monacensis Seminifer.
PEDLEY, L. (1986). Derivation and dispersal of Acacia (Leguminosae), with particular reference to Australia, and the recognition of Senegalia and Racosperma. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 92: 219-254.
PEDLEY, L. (1987). Racosperma (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) in Queensland: a checklist. Austrobaileya 2: 344-357.
WEBB, C.J. (1980). Checklist of the dicotyledons naturalised in New Zealand 5. Leguminosae. New Zealand Journal of Botany 18: 463-472.
360
Austrobaileya 2(4): 360-364 (1987)
REDISCOVERY AND STATUS OF ADIANTUM WHITEI BAILEY (ADIANTACEAE)
P.D. Bostock Botany Department, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4067
Summary
Adiantum whitei Bailey (Adiantaceae), formerly recorded from a few localities in south-eastern Queensland, is now known to haye a wider range in north-eastern Australia. The receptacle of this taxon bears thick-walled trichomes, a condition not previously reported for the genus. 4. whiter is reduced to varietal status under 4. hispidulum Sw.
The original collections of Adiantum whitei were from Kenmore, a western suburb of Brisbane. Other contemporary collections came from the nearby suburbs of Indooroopilly and Enoggera, Lawnton (One Mile Creek) ca 16 km north of Brisbane and Maryborough ca 215 km north of Brisbane. The last collection (other than cultivated specimens) appears to have been from Kenmore in December 1931 (AQ142926, BRI).
Recent collections of Adiantum taxa include a robust tripinnate fern collected 9 km SW of the type locality (State Forest 494 Moggill, Bostock 190, BRI) which matches one of the syntypes of A. whitei (Kenmore, May 1915, White AQ24496 (BRI). A collection from ca 6 km NE of the type locality was subsequently propagated from its spores (R.Hill, pers.comm.). The descendants have been distributed under the horticultural names Adiantum aff. whitei and Adiantum sp. ‘S.E. Qld’. More recently A. whiter has been found to be common along creeks in the southern and western parts of Brisbane and specimens now in cultivation in Brisbane are reputed to have come from as far afield as Mt Spec ca 1500 km north of Brisbane (C.Ritchie, pers. comm.).
A revised description of A. whitei is given here, based on specimens examined by the author.
Rhizome short-creeping, semi-erect, stoloniferous; scales concolorous, with entire margins and acuminate apex. Fronds approximate, occasionally remote, to 60 cm long. Lamina to 30 cm long, 20 cm broad, triangular, 2- to 3-pinnate, herbaceous to coriaceous. Rachides invested with antrorse red-brown hairs. Pinnae numerous, narrow-triangular, simply pinnate in their apical half. Ultimate segments symmetric and cuneate-flabellate becoming dimidiate and rectangular to trapeziform towards apices of pinnae and lamina; distal margins shallowly lobed, dentate when sterile; segment surfaces invested with numerous short pale trichomes (to ca 0.4 mm long) and a few similar but longer ones, denser abaxially. Indusia crowded, | to 4 per lobe, oblong to subrectangular, joining the segment margin proper at a narrow sinus, bearing on their outer surface numerous dark brown uniseriate thick-walled trichomes, which are also scattered among the sporangia. Spores with minutely granulate perine adhering rather loosely to the exine. Fig. 1.
Recent authors (Jones & Clemesha 1981, Elliot &-Jones 1982, Goudey 1985) have speculated that A. whitei is a hybrid. Jones and Clemesha (1981) and Goudey (1985) proposed A. hispidulum Sw. and A. formosum R.Br. as putative parents. Little evidence is offered in support of this statement, although Goudey (1985) lists a number of morphological characters of A. white? which are common to one or other of these species.
In his original description and accompanying illustration, Bailey describes the rhizome of A. whitei as ‘creeping’. Investigation of the new collections has shown that the ‘creeping’ rhizome is a stoloniferous branch that on occasion bears fronds spaced a few centimetres apart. The apices of mature stolons bear a tuft of fronds indicating reversion to a short-creeping rhizome. In this respect, the rhizome ramification of A. whitel is similar to that of both A. hispidulum and A. aethiopicum L., another taxon
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Fig. 1. Adiantum whitei. A. silhouette of frond (Bostock 218) X 0.4. B. ultimate segments (middle of frond) (Bostock 190) X 3.5. C. indusium (Bostock 190) x 40.,D. rhizome palea (Bostock 246) x 35. E & F. scanning electron micrographs of abaxial indusial surface. E. Blake, Dec 1931, AQ142926. F. Bostock 190. (scale for E and
F indicated on plates.)
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.
362
widespread in eastern Australia, but differs markedly from the robust much-branched system of A. formosum. The symmetric and cuneate-flabellate ultimate segments of A. whitel are reminiscent of those of A. formosum and A. aethiopicum. However, A. hispidulum also bears segments of a similar form, as in the small accessory pinnae between the major bifurcations of the rachides in pedate forms, or in many (sometimes the majority) of the ultimate segments in pinnate forms. A. hispidulum sens. lat., which is found from eastern Africa, through India and Malesia to Australia and the western Pacific (Parris 1980), 1s a variable taxon. The form which occurs in drier areas in north- eastern Australia has pedate, sub-pedate or pinnate-bipinnate fronds, with texture and indumentum of the lamina as described above for A. whitei. It is this form which occurs in areas where A. whitei has been collected, and which is referred to in the remainder of this discussion. The range of frond forms which occur in A. whitei and A. hispidulum are shown as silhouettes in Fig. 2.
Indusia of A. whitei (Fig. 1C) are morphologically identical to those of A. hispidulum in shape, location on the segment and nature of the trichomes investing the outer surface. Additionally, most specimens of A. whitei have been found to possess hook-shaped trichomes among the sporangia (Fig. 1E-F). Indusia of A. hispidulum occasionally bear trichomes just under their margins but trichomes have not been found to arise from receptacular tissue. The genus Adiantum is usually recorded as non-paraphysate (e. g. Tryon & Tryon 1982), although Nayar (1961) recorded club-shaped paraphyses for material identified as A. tenerum Sw. The observation of receptacular trichomes reported here 1s Heh first for the genus, and may be regarded as diagnostic of the taxon regarded as A. whitel,
A, whitei and A. hispidulum cannot be separated by using any of the following characters: rhizome scales (4. whitei, Fig. 1D); lamina texture; rachis indumentum or texture; spore ornamentation; rate of spore germination (tested at room temperature (12-—24°C) with indirect natural lighting). They have similar ecological requirements, and are generally found in close proximity, although A. whitei, which grows mainly in the vicinity of watercourses appears to be less tolerant of dry conditions than A. hispidulum, which 1s often found in relatively sheltered places considerably distant from streams.
On the basis of the above evidence, A. whitei Bailey is here reduced to the status of a variety of A. hispidulum Sw.
Adiantum hispidulum Sw. var. whitei (Bailey) P.Bostock stat. nov.
Adiantum whitei Bailey, Queensland Agric. J., n.s. 4: 39 & t. 5 (1915). Lectotype (designated here): Kenmore, Qld, May 1915, White AQ24496 (lecto: BRI; isolecto: NSW).
specimens Examined. Queensland. MORETON DISTRict: Kenmore, May 1914, White AQI42924; Kenmore, Jul 1914, Young & White AQI42928; Enoggera, May 1916, White AQ142927, Brisbane R., Indooroopilly, Feb 1916, Young & White AQ142929; One Mile Ck, Lawnton, Blake AQ142925; Kenmore, Dec 1931, Blake AQI42926; Maryborough district, Young AQ142923; University Bushhouse [Brisbane], Dec 1937, Goy AQ142930; S.F.494 Moggill, Brisbane, Bostock 159, 184, 189, 190, 218, 246, 252; garden plant, The Gap, Apr 1986, Bostock 225; cultivated plant ex Mt Spec, NNW Townsville, Apr 1986, Ritchie s.n.; cultivated plant ex base of Mt Petrie, Brisbane, Apr 1986, Peach s.n. (all BRI).
Agamospory in the A. Aispidulum complex
The source of taxonomic confusion in many fern species may be shown to result from agamospory. Thus the spores contain the unreduced parental chromosome com- plement and sporophytes arise directly from gametophytic tissue. Archegonia are absent from the gametophytes although functional antheridia are usually present (Walker 1983). This is the situation with Adiantum caudatum L. sens. strict., which is a member of a compiex consisting of at least seven taxa (Lovis 1977).
Agamospory has also been reported as the normal state in A. hispidulum (Manton & Sledge 1954, Abraham et al. 1962, Ghatak 1977, Bidin 1983). The sole exception 1s Brownlie (1957, 1965) who reported only meiotic chromosome counts. At least 4 cytotypes have been identified in A. hispidulum (Walker 1983), but detailed studies linking morphology and cytology in the taxon are not available.
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90. B. Bostock 218. C. cultivated ex Mt Spec, NNW of Townsville, Richie s.n.
Fig, 2, Silhouettes (not to scale) showing frond forms in Adiantum whitei and A. hispidulum in Queensland: A-C. D-H. A. hispidulum sens. lat. D. Bostock 235. E. Bostock 251. F. Bostock 245. G. Bostock 250. H. Bostock 151.
A. whitel sens. str. A. Bostock 1
364
In all investigated cases of hybrids between apomicts and sexual species (where the apomict must be the male or antheridial parent), the offspring have been apomictic (Walker 1979, 1983, 1985). The production of fertile spores by 4. whitei is not unexpected, even if the taxon should prove to be a natural hybrid between A. Aispidulum and another (sexually reproducing) Adiantum taxon. Walker (1985) commented on the ability of agamosporous taxa to build up extensive agamic complexes in this manner and the possibility that 4. whitei has its origins in such an event (or events) cannot be discounted.
_ The numerous morphological similarities between A. hispidulum and A. whiteli indicate a common ancestry, but the latter taxon is sufficiently distinguished by virtue of its frond dissection and receptacular trichomes to be given varietal status.
Acknowledgements
I wish to thank the Society for Growing Australian Plants, Queensland Region, Inc. (SGAP) for publishing a request for material of A. whitei; the Queensland SGAP Fern Study Group for their donations of cultivated specimens; Rod Hull of Frankston, Victoria for his invaluable field observations and freely offered information: the Director of the Queensland Herbarium for permission to study the Adiantum collection; the Queensland Department of Forestry for permission to collect in forestry reserves, and Prof. H.T. Clifford and Mr. P.I. Forster (University of Queensland) for commenting on drafts of this paper.
References
ABRAHAM, A., NINAN, C.A. & MATHEW, P.M. (1962). Studies on the cytology and phylogeny of the pleridophytes VIL. Observations on one hundred species of South India ferns. Journal of the Indian Botanical Society 441: 339-4]
BIDIN, A. (1983). Penelitian sitologi pada genus Adiantum L. (Adiantaceae). Sains Malaysiana 12: 275-286. (Cytological studies in the genus Adiantum) (in Malay, Engl. summary).
BROWNLIE, G. (1957). Cytotaxonomic studies on New Zealand Pteridaceae. New Phytologist 56: 207-209. BROWNLIE, G. (1965). Chromosome numbers in some Pacific pteridophyta. Pacific Science 19: 493-497.
ELLIOT, W.R. & JONES, D.L. (1982). Encyclopaedia of Australian plants, suitable for cultivation. Vol. 2. Melbourne: Lothian.
GHATAK, J. (1977). Biosystematic survey of pteridophytes from Shevaroy Hills, South India. the nucleus 20: 105-108.
GOUDEY, C.J. (1985). Maidenhair ferns in cultivation. Melbourne: Lothian.
JONES, D.L. & CLEMESHA, S.C. (1981). Australian ferns and fern allies. Revised Edition. Sydney: A.H. & A.W. Reed.
LOVIS, J.D. (1977). Evolutionary patterns and processes in ferns. Advances in Botanical Research 4: 229-4[5.
MANTON, I. & SLEDGE, W.A. (1954). Observations on the cytology and taxonomy of the pteridophyte flora of Ceylon. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B. 238: 127-185.
NAYAR, B.K. (1961). Ferns of India. 1. Adiantum L. Bulletin of the Lucknow Botanic Gardens No. 32.
PARRIS, B.S. (1980). Adiantum hispidulum Sw. and A. pubescens Schkuhr (Adiantaceae: Filicales) in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 18: 503-S06.
TRYON, R.M & TRYON, A.F. (1982). Ferns and allied plants with speciai reference to tropical America. New York: Springer-Verlag.
WALKER, T.G. (1979). The cytogenetics of ferns. In A.F.Dyer (ed.), The experimental biology of ferns: 87-132. London: Academic Press.
WALKER, T.G. (1983). Chromosomes and evolution in Pteridophytes. In A.K.Sharma & A.Sharma (eds.), Chromosomes in evolution of eukaryotic groups: 103~141. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
WALKER, T.G. (1985). Some aspects of agamospory in ferns—the Braithwaite system. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 85B: 59-66.
365
Austrobaileya 2(4): 365-379 (1987)
REVISION OF THE AUSTRALIAN VITACEAE, 2. CAYRATIA JUSS.
B.R. Jackes Botany Department, James Cook University of North Queensland Townsville, Qld 4811
Summary
The genus Cayratia Juss. is reviewed for Australian species. Two species C. maritima and C. cardiophylla are described as new. A description of the genus and of each of the eight species occurring in Australia is given, together with a key to the species.
CAYRATIA
Cayratia Juss. Dict. Sci. Nat. 10: 103 (1818), nom. cons., Dict. Class. Hist. Nat. 4: 346 (1823); Gagnepain, Notul. Syst. 1: 346 (1911).
Columella Loureiro, Fl, Cochinch. 85 (1790); Merrill, Enum. Philip. Plants 3 (1923), nom. rej.
Cissus sect. Cayratia (Juss.) Planchon in A. & C.DC. Monogr. Phan. 5: 47 (1887). Type: Cayratia pedata (Loureiro) Jussieu ex Gagnepain.
Climbing or scrambling vines, slender, evergreen or deciduous, underground system sometimes tuberous. Tendrils leaf-opposed, often branched several times, each branch subtended by a bract. Leaves alternate, compound, 3—5-foliolate, pinnate or pedate, margins usually serrated. Stipules 2, caducous. Degree and type of pubescence on aerial parts varies between species. Inflorescence axillary, pseudoaxillary or leaf-opposed, pedunculate, carried above the leaves, multiflowered in irregular corymbose cymes, often loose; peduncles and pedicels subtended by bracts. Flowers bisexual, small, tetramerous, pedicellate, buds often swollen. Calyx cup-shaped or margins sometimes spreading. Corolla with 4 free lobes, cohering in bud by the interlocked epidermal cells, sometimes cucullate at the apex, reflexed after anthesis. Stamens inserted on the receptacle at the base of the disc, opposite the petals, filaments erect, often flattened, anthers introrse, dorsifixed opening by longitudinal slits. Pollen grains tricolporate. Disc adnate to and entirely surrounding the ovary, the 4 rounded lobes sometimes extending above the ovary. Ovary 2-locular with 2 anatropous, basally attached ovules per locule; style conical, stigma minute, expanding after anthesis. Berry fleshy with 1-4 triangular to ovoid seeds. Shape of seeds in transverse section varies according to the number maturing in the fruit, the flattened area on the dorsal surface formed by the perichalaza may be rounded or elongate, | or 2 furrows or pits are present on the ventral surface. Endotesta lignified sometimes with lateral flanges, endosperm ruminations in transverse section may be T- shaped or U-shaped. Mucilage cells and raphide sacs also often with mucilage, appear to be present in all organs.
Cayratia may be distinguished from the closely related genus Cissus by the following characters: leaves compound, petiolules associated with the leaflets, ratio central petiolule to lateral petiolule rarely less than 2; inflorescence a dichotomous cyme, usually axillary or pseudoaxillary by the abortion of the lateral axis; endosperm in transverse section either T-shaped or U-shaped. Two of the characters by which Gagnepain (1911) and Latiit (1981) separated these two genera are not valid for Australian species. They considered that in Cissus the leaves are always simple and the berry is 1-seeded. Although leaf size, margin indentation and degree of pubescence exhibit considerable intraspecific variation, number of leaflets, shape and relative size, position of hairs, nature of the tendrils and seed characteristics are useful diagnostic characters. All measurements and observations in this paper refer to dried mature organs unless otherwise indicated.
According to Galet (1967) there are about 63 species most of which occur in the tropical and subtropical areas of Africa, Asia, Australia and many of the Pacific Islands.
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Eight species occur in Australia, three are endemic, and two are endemic to Australia and adjacent areas of New Guinea. The species in Australia fall into three separate sroups distinguished by leaf, fruit and seed characters.
Key to the Species
1. Leaflets 3 .. Leaflets 5 .. .
2. Mature fruit purple to black drying black .. .. Mature fruit pale drying brown... ww ok ee 4
3. Tendrils 3-fid, hooked hairs restricted to midrib on adaxial surface ..1. C. maritima
Tendrils 4-5-fid, adhesive disc present on branch tips, hairs not restricted 2. C. trifolia
4. Abaxial surface of mature leaf glabrous .................. 3. C. saponaria
Abaxial surface of mature leaf pubescent .......... 0. 2. ce ee ee ee ee 5
5. Flowering occurs on 2 ies shoots. penne careers ratio of central leaflet
0.96 +0.12... oe i, De ee ee ee ee ee we es)64, C, cardiophylla Flowering occurs on branches with iid icine leaves. Length/breadth ratio of central leaflet 1.47+ 0.4. ey tes Bi eg Be eo, a ee AETIS
6. Base of central leaflet ice ah Filaments broad. = Enea ratlo ca a2 . 6. C. eurynema Base of central leaflet rounded or cuneate. Filaments narrow. Length/breadth ratio ca 4:1 tal, gulls wxicet Foes came dD inde ge gees Ol ner atl EL eg ces Toe
7. Inflorescence axillary. Apex of corolla cucullate. Base of central leaflet rounded. Stipules usually less than 4 mm .............. 7. C. japonica
Inflorescence leaf-opposed, or pseudoaxillary. Apex of corolla not cucullate. Base of central leaflet usually cuneate. eer nate than Amm.. .. 1. 0. ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee pe ee ae es §. C. clematidea
1, Cayratia maritima B.R.Jackes, sp. nov. affinis C. trifoliae (L.) Domin foliis maturitate glabris praeter paginam adaxialem qua costa compressa verticaliter pilos multi- cellulares uniseriates feret, cirrhis 3-fidis sine discis adhaerentis ad apices distin- guitur. Typus: Lakefield, 15°07’S, 144°17’E, 26 Jun 1982, B.R.Jackes ‘growing over shrub beside billabong. Alluvial. Luxuriant vine, fruits black, flowers greenish’ (holo: BRI; iso: A,CANB,DNA,K,L,MEL, NSW).
Vitis carnosa Wall. Cat. 6018 (CK).
Frutex ramis angularis plerumque glabris pilis simplicibus ad nodos praeditis, raro deciduus, si ita per intervallum breve non nisi in meridionale limitite. Tuber quum adest breve. Capreoli 3 fidi glabri. Folia trifoliolata; foliohum medium ovatum usque rhomboideum, apice acuminate, 7.2 cm X 3.8 cm; foliola lateralia obliqua interdum loba 5.1 cm X 3.3 cm, marginibus crenulato-serratis, pagina supra glabra maturitate praeter costam verticaliter compressam pilos simplices uniseratos 3—4 cellulares uncinatos ferentem, pagina inferne plerumque glabra, aliquando pilis uncinatis in venis prope junctionem petioli laminaeque; petiolulus medius supra porcatus, plerumque pilis uncin- atis (1-)1.5(-4) cm longis; petioluli laterales (0.2-)0.5(-1.2) cm longi; petiolus (2~)3.5(-6.8) cm longus. Stipulae triangulares 1.5-2 mm longae. Inflorescentia supra folia portata cymosa corymbiformis 6.5 cm X 4 cm, pedunculo (3-)4(-8) cm longo. Calyx papillosus; corolla papillosa pallide viridis usque alba usque flavida 2 mm X 2 mm; filamenta
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Fig. 1. Cayratia maritima: A. leaf and tendril with three branches X 0.5. B. inflorescence X 0.5. .C. median transverse section of mature seed X 7.5. D. seed, ventral surface showing position of the raphe X 5. E. seed, dorsal surface showing the position and shape of the perichalaza X 5. F. cotyledons X 0.5. C. trifolia: G. leaf and tendrii with five branches X 0.5. H. seed, ventral surface showing position of the raphe 5. I. seed, dorsa! surface showing hia and shape of the perichalaza X 5. J. median transverse section of mature seed X 10 (e — lignified endotesta.).
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staminalia 1-1.5 mm longa; antherae 0.5 mm longae. Bacca nigra, depresso-globula, 1.2-1.5 cm X 0.6-1 cm, 2-4 seminibus naviculiformis 5.5~7 mm X 5-/ mm, a ventre sulcis duobus vadosis notatis; endospermium T-forme in sectione transversal1.
Scrambling vine, stems angular, usually glabrous, stmple hairs at nodes when young. Tendrils 3-fid, glabrous. Plant rarely deciduous, if so, for a short period only on the southern limits. Tuber if present, small. Leaves trifoliolate. Central leaflet ovate to rhomboid, apex acuminate (3-)7.2(—10.5) cm X (2.2-)3.8(-6) cm; lateral leaflets oblique, sometimes lobed (2.5-)5.1(-7.6) cm X (1.9-)3.3(-4.3) cm. Margins crenulate-serrate. Upper surface glabrous at maturity except for the vertically compressed midrib which bears uniseriate 3-14-celled hooked hairs. Lower surface usually glabrous, occasionally hooked hairs are present on veins near the junction of the petiole and lamina. Central petiolule ridged on top, hooked hairs usually present, (1-)1.5(—4) cm long; lateral petiolule (0.2—)0.5(-1.2) cm long. Petiole (2-)3.5(—6.8) cm long. Stipules triangular 1.5-2 mm long. Inflorescence axillary, 3-5 primary branches, cymose, corymbiform (5-)6.5(-15) cm X (3.5-)4(-10) cm, peduncle (3-)4(-8) cm long. Calyx papillose. Corolla papillose, pale preen to white to yellowish, 2 mm X 2 mm. Filaments 1-1.5 mm long, anthers 0.5 mm long. Berry black, depressed-globular, 1.2-1.5 cm X 0.6-1 cm. Seeds 2-4 per fruit, boat- shaped, 5.5—-7 mm X 5-7 mm; 2 shallow grooves on the ventral surface, endosperm in transverse section T-shaped. Figs. IA-F, 2A.
Representative Specimens Examined. Northern Territory. South of Bushman’s Camp and north of Channel Point, mouth of Daly River, 13°15’S, 129°58’E, May 1978, Webb & Tracey 12230 (BRI,CANB); Mardlow, Meiville Island, Apr 1967, Stocker & Fox (BRI,QRS); Near Cahili’s Crossing, East Alligator River, 12°30’S, 133°00’E, May 1978, Webb & Tracey 12231 (BRI,CANB). Queensland. Cook District: Saibai, Jul 1975, Stocker 1365 (QRS); Kerr Point, Weipa, Jun 1982, Jackes (BRI,CBG,PERTH,QRS);, Normanby River, Aug 1979, Done (BRI); Cairns Central Swamp, Feb 1979, Wright (BRI,K,L,NSW).
Specimens from 38 Australian localities were examined.
Distribution and Habitat: This vine 1s commonly found growing along tropical coastlines (Map 1.) and adjacent areas which are seasonally inundated as well as around lagoons and along creek banks. It extends into Indonesia, New Guinea and neighbouring Pacific Islands. Soils are usually alluvial or sandy.
Flowering period: spring to summer. Fruiting period: summer to winter.
Notes and Observations: This species is readily distinguished from the related C. trifolia by the 3-fid tendrils which lack adhesive pads at the apices and by the mature leaves pias are glabrous except for hooked hairs on the adaxial midrib. Leaves usually dry dark grey.
2. Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 89: 370 (1927).
Vitis trifolia L., Spec. Pl. 203 (1753); Benth., Fl. Austral. 1: 449 (1863); F.Muell., Fragm. 6: 177 (1868), 9: 126 (1875); F.M.Batley, Qd FI. 1: 281 (1899),
Cissus trifolia (L.) K.Schum. in Schum. et Hollr., Fl. Kaiser Wilh. Land 71 (1889); Warburg, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 13: 369 (1891).
Columella trifolia (L.) Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci. 11: 132 (1916). Cissus acutifolia Poiret, Encycl. Supp. 1: 106 (1810); DC. Prodr. 1: 630 (1824).
Cissus carnosa Lamk. Encycl. 1: 31 (1783); Planchon in A. & C.DC., Monogr. Phan. 5: 570 (1887); DC., Prodr. 1: 630 (1824); Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1: 427 (1820).
Cissus cinerea Lamk., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 332 (1791); DC., Prodr. 1: 631 (1824). Type: Lamk. Herb. (P).
Cissus crenata Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3: 19 (1794); Wall. Cat. 6021 (K) (1831-32).
Cissus obtusifolia Poiret, Encycl. Suppl. 1: 106 (1810); Lamk., Encycl. 1: 31 (1783). Type: Herb. Lamk. (P).
Vitis psoralifolia F.Muell., Fragm. 2: 75 (1860). Type: Victoria River (K,GH,MEL).
Cissus psoralifolia (F.Muell.) Planchon in A, & C.DC. Monogr. Phan. 5: 567 (1887), based on V. psoralifolia.
Cayratia carnosa (Lamk.) Gagnep. in Lecomte, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 1: 347 (1911), based on Cissus carnosa Lamk.
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Weak climber, frequently clinging to trees, stems angular, pubescent when young, hairs uniseriate 4-16-celled. Tendrils 4—5-fid, branches ending in adhesive discs, initially pubescent becoming glabrous with age. Plants usually deciduous, tubers present. Leaves trifoliolate often somewhat fleshy. Central leaflet ovate to rhomboid, apex acuminate (2.3~)5.2(-11) cm X (1.3-)3.3(-7.2) cm; lateral leaflets oblique, often lobed (1.8-)4(-9) cm X (1.1~)2.8(-5.8) cm. Margins crenulate to dentate. Upper surface pubescent often becoming glabrous with age, or hairs become restricted to the main veins, lower surface pubescent, often sparsely so when old; hairs on both surfaces curved, uniseriate 2-7- celled. Central petiolule ridged, pubescent (0.3-)1.1(-—3) cm long; lateral petiolule (0.1-)0.3(-0.8) cm long. Petiole (1.2-)3.9(—7.7) cm long. Stipules triangular (2—)3(-4) mm long. Inflorescence axillary, 3-4 primary branches, cymose corymbiform (4-)7(-12) cm x (2~)4(-8) cm; peduncle (2-)4(—6.5) cm long, all parts shortly pubescent. Calyx papillose. Corolla papillose, 1.5-2 mm xX 1-1.5 mm, pale green to yellowish. Filaments 1 mm long, anthers 0.5 mm long. Berry purple-black, depressed-globular 0.8-1.7 cm X 0.6-0.8 cm. Seeds 2-4 per fruit, boat-shaped, 4-6 mm X 4-4.5 mm; 2 shallow grooves on the ventral surface, endosperm in transverse section T-shaped. Figs. 1G-—J, 2B.
Representative Specimens Examined. Western Australia. Crater Valley, 38 km NNW of Wyndham, Mar 1978, Lazarides 8555 (CANB,K,NT); Ord River, 2 miles [3.2 km] below Carlton Reach, May 1944, Gardner 7285 (PERTH). Northern Territory. Banjo Beach, Melville Island, Jan 1966, Stocker (BRI,NT); Gove Airport area, Feb 1977, Hinz 7724 (NT); Cannon Hill airstrip, Feb 1973, Martensz (BRI,CANB,DNA,K,L,NSW,NT); Victoria River, Mueller (MEL); Rapid Creek, Katherine, Jan 1943, Hely (CANB); 60 km W of Dunmarra, Jul 1978, Jackes (CANB,JCT,NSW). Queensland. Cook District: Halfway Island, 11°23’S, 142°58’E, Feb 1979 Duke (JCT); 12.5 km NNE of Weipa Mission, Dec 1974, Specht & Salt (BRI); Base of Black Mountain, SW of Cooktown, Dec 1965, Rodd 219 (NSW). BuRrKE District: Near Doomagee Mission on Burketown Road, Jun 1978, Jackes (JCT). North KENNEDY District: 45 miles [72 km] SE Mount Garnet, Jan 1968, Merain 279 (BRD; Collinsville-Bowen Road, Jan 1978, Jackes (JCT). |
Specimens from 131 Australian localities were examined.
Distribution and Habitat: This species extends from India to the Pacific. In Australia it is found (Map 2.) chiefly in open forest in tropical regions usually climbing on trees with persistent bark. Soils are variable.
Flowering period: spring to summer. Fruiting period: summer to autumn.
Notes and Oservations: Leaf size, thickness, nature of the leaf margin and degree of pubescence are highly variable in this species. Hairs are always present on both leaf surfaces when young. Size of leaf appears to be related to habitat, those plants growing in moister, protected areas usually have the largest leaves.
3. Cayratia saponaria (Seem. ex Benth.) Domin in Fedde, Repert. 11: 294 (1912).
Vitis saponaria Seem. ex Benth., Fl. Austral. 1: 448 (1863). Lectotype (designated here): Voyage of Rattlesnake, Piper’s Islets, 27 Sep 1848, McGillivray, lectopara: Torres Strait, Brown (E,K); Cape York, McGillivray (K); F.Muell., Fragm. 6: 178 (1868); F.M.Bailey, Qd Fi. 1: 280 (1899).
Cissus saponaria (Seem.) Planchon in A. & C.DC., Monogr. Phan. 5: 574 (1887).
ne BRD F.M.Bailey, Qd Fl. 1: 281 (1899). Type: Ranges about Cairns, Nugent 24 (BRI).
Cayratia strigosa (F.M.Bailey) Domin in Fedde, Repert. 11: 264 (1912).
Cissus bicolor Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 89: 921 (1927). Type: Harvey’s Creek, 1910, Domin 6373, 6374 (PR).
Robust vine, stems rounded, glabrous or with minute papillae. Tendrils bifid, papillae may be present. Leaves trifoliolate. Central leaflet ovate to broadly ovate, apex acuminate- caudate, base weakly cordate,(12—)13.9(-17.5) cm X (6.2-)10.2(-13) cm; lateral leaflets oblique (10.5-)13.3(-16) cm * (7.2~)9.6(-—12.5) cm. Margins with numerous shallow serrations on both sides. Upper surface glabrous at maturity, glossy, some small hairs may be present near the base of the midrib. Lower surface usually with simple, uniseriate 5-—10-celled hairs towards the base of the midrib and main laterals at maturity, hairs often dense near junction of the lamina and the petiolule. Central petiolule (1.3—)3.9(-6.6)cm long; lateral petiolule (0.7—)2.4(-—4.5) cm long. Petiole (5-)8.5(-11.2) cm long, small rusty coloured hairs may be present, often glabrous at maturity, base swollen, lenticels
Fig. 2. A. Cayratia maritima, upper leaf surface showing the hooked hairs on the midrib. B. C. trifolia, upper leaf surface showing hairs scattered over surface of leaf as well as on the midrib. C. C. acris, distribution of hairs
on the lower leaf surface. D. C. cardiophylla, distribution of hairs on the lower leaf surface. All scale bars equal 0.1 mm.
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prominent. Stipules triangular 1-1.5 mm xX 1 mm. Inflorescence axillary, 3—4 primary branches, cymose corymbiform 20 cm X 15 cm; peduncle 5-10 cm long. Calyx glabrous or with minute papillae. Corolla glabrous, 2~2.5 mm long, white. Filaments flattened, 1 mm long, anthers | mm long. Disc thick. Berry whitish at maturity drying to brown, depressed-globular, 1-1.5 cm X 1-1.2 cm. Seeds 1-4 per fruit, rounded, 5.5-7 mm xX 5-7 mm, endosperm U-shaped, chalaza elongated. Fig. 3A-D.
Representative Specimens Examined. Queensland. Cook DISTRICT: Between Lockhart River airstrip and Mount Tozer, 12°04’S, 143°2’E, Feb 1980, Clarkson (BRI,JCT,K,QRS); Daintree River, on south bank about 5--6 miles [8-9.6 km] E of Daintree, Oct 1962, Smith 11507 (A,BRI,K,L); Mrs Kidner’s Block, near Millstream River ca 10 km NNE of Ravenshoe, Apr 1979, Lockyer (BRI,CANB,CBG,QRS). NORTH KENNEDY District: Near Tully River Bridge, Cardstone, 17°45’S, 145°40’E, Jan 1983, Jackes & Jackes (A,BISH,BRLCANB,CBG,DNA,JCT,K,L,MEL NSW PERTH,QRS); Kirrama State Forest, NW Cardwell, Jun 1977, Winsor (JCT).
Specimens from 18 localities were examined.
Distribution and Habitat: This species is found (Map 5.) in rainforest or rainforest remnants from north of Cardwell 18°06’S, 146°02’E, to northern Cape York Peninsula.
Flowering period: spring to summer. Fruiting period: summer to early autumn.
Notes and Observations: The specimen selected as the lectotype 1s the more complete specimen of the syntypes upon which Bentham based his description. C. saponaria (Seem. ex Benth.) Domin and C. seemanniana A.C.Smith have been confused in the literature as both species were based on the name Vitis saponaria. However as indicated by Smith (1942) these are two different species and the latter may be distinguished by ‘the persistent tufts of hairs in the axils of nerves on the lower surface’. He also considered the leaflets to be thinner and the iateral leaflets to be more cordate at the base; however these are very variable characters. |
The description of Cissus bicolor Domin does not agree with the specimen cited as the type. The leaves of this specimen (Domin 6373, 6374, PR) and of the illustration (Domin 1927, p923) are in fact the leaflets of Cayratia saponaria.
4. Cayratia cardiophylla B.R. Jackes, sp. nov. affinis Cayratia acris (F.Muell.) Domin filamentis staminalibus angustis, pilis 1-3 cellularibus ad junctioneum ovaril stylique, nercnon florens ante expansionem plenam foliorum in surculis novis, raro in sylva pluvitali inventa distinguitur. Typus: Annan River, upstream growing 6 i over Hibiscus, 10 Dec 1978, Duke (holo: BRI; iso: CANB,NSW,PERTH,
RS,JCT).
Liana grandis plerumque decidua ramis teretibus tomentosis juventute; cortex rubescens squamata. Capreoli bifidi pubescentes. Folia trifoliolata; foliolus medius late ovato- circularis, apice acuminato-obtusus, basi cordatus 14.6 cm X 15.2 cm; folioli laterales obliqui 12.5 cm X 13.4 cm, marginibus in lateribus ambabus costae non profunde serratis, paginis ambis dense pubescentibus juventute, superiore sparse pubescenti maturiate pilis plerumque erectis simplicibus 5-7 cellularibus in pagina superiore et plerumque densis et saepe tortis 3-12 cellularibus in pagina inferiore, venis tertariis reticulum prominens facientibus: petiolulus medius (2.2—)3(-—6) cm longus; petioluli laterales (1-)1.8(-4.5) cm longi; petiolus (7.5-)9.5(-13) cm longus, pubescens. Stipulae triangulares 1.5-2 mm longae pubescentes. Inflorescentia in surculo novo magnopere ultra folia juvenia expan- dentia, 2-3 ramis primariis, cymosa corymbiformis 9.5 cm X 9 cm, pedunculo 4—5 cm longo. Calyx cyathiformis margo membranaceo patulo, papillosus; corolla pallide viridis usque albescens extra papillosa, 2-2.5 mm longa; filamenta staminalia 1 mm longa, tantum parum complanata; antherae 0.6-0.75 mm longae; ovarium disco crasso circum- cinctum labro parvo vel nullo, 1-3 cellularibus papillis ad junctionem ovarn et basis styli praeditum. Bacca viriditer alba usque alba, brunnea in sicco, depresso-globula 1-1.3 cm X 0.4-0.7 cm, 2-4 globatis seminibus continuens, endospermio U-formi in sectione transversali, praedito projectura media sed tum ea nunquam quam projecturae laterales longior.
Large sprawling vine with rounded stems, whitish tomentose when young, bark flakey, reddish. Tendrils bifid, pubescent. Plant usually deciduous. Leaves trifoliolate. Central leaflet broadly ovate-circular, apex acuminate-obtuse, base cordate (13-)14.6(-18) cm xX (12-)15.2(-18.5) cm; lateral leaflets oblique (10.2~)12.5(-15) cm X (9.4-)13.4(-16.5) cm.
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Fig. 3. Cayratia saponaria: A. leaf X 0.25. B. seed, ventral surface showing position of the raphe and circular ridge formed by the underlying endotesta < 5. C. seed, dorsal surface showing the position and shape of the perichalaza X 5. D. median transverse section of mature seed x 10. C. acris: E. leaf X 0.25. F. seed, ventral surface showing position of the raphe and the circular ridge formed by the underlying endotesta xX 5. G. seed, dorsal surface showing the position and shape of the perichalaza <x 5. H. median transverse section of mature seed X 10. C. cardiophyila: I. portion of trifoliolate leaf x 0.25. J. inflorescence at anthesis showing very young leaves at base of peduncle X 0.5. K. median transverse section of mature seed X 7.5. L. seed, ventral surface showing position of the raphe and the circular ridge formed by the underlying endotesta < 5. M. seed, dorsal surface showing the position and shape of the perichalaza x 5. (e ~ lignified endotesta).
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Margins with shaliow serrations on both sides of the midrib. Both leaf surfaces densely pubescent when young, upper sparsely pubescent when mature, hairs usually erect, uniseriate 5—7-celled on the upper surface, on the lower surface hairs are 3-i2-celled and usually dense and often twisted. Tertiary veins form a prominent network. Central petiolule (2.2-)3.8(-6) cm long; lateral petiolules (1-)1.8(-—4.5) cm long. Petiole (7.5—)9.5(-13) cm long, pubescent. Stipules triangular 1.5-2 mm long, pubescent. Inflorescence axillary, borne on new growth and carried well beyond young expanding leaves, 2-3 primary branches, cymose corymbiform, (8-)9.5(-11) cm X (6-)9(—10) cm, peduncle 4-5 cm long. Calyx cupshaped with flaring membranous margin, papillose. Corolla papillose, pale green to whitish, 2-2.5 mm long. Filaments | mm long, only slightly flattened, anthers 0.6-0.75 mm long. Ovary surrounded by a thick disc, rim small or absent, 1-3-celled papillae present at the junction of the ovary and the base of the style. Berry greenish- white to white, drying brown, depressed-globular, 1-1.3 cm X 0.4-0.7 cm. Seeds 2-4 per fruit, rounded, 4-4.5 mm X 3-4 mm, endosperm in transverse section a modified U- shape, although the central projection is present, it is never longer than the lateral projections. Figs. 2D, 3]-M.
Representative Specimens Examined. Queensland. Cook District: Sue Island, 10°12’S, 142°49°E, Oct 1981, Clarkson 3951 (BRI,QRS),; Between Lockerbie and Somerset, 10°46’S, 142°33’E, Dec 1980, Hyland 10966 (QRS); Low Wooded Island, 15°05’S, 145°23’E, Sep 1973, Stoddard (BRI); Base of Black Mountain, SW of Cooktown, Dec 1965, Rodd 213 (NSW); Limestone outcrop 4 miles [6.4 km] N of Mungana, approx 17°0S/S, 144°25’E, May 1970, Webb & Tracey (BRI).
Specimens from 39 localities were examined.
Distribution and Habitat: This vine, which is usually decidous, is commonly found growing over beach rubble, along river edges and in semi-deciduous vine thickets, rarely in rainforest. In appears to prefer limestone based soils and coral rubble. It is found in North Queensland and the Torres Strait (Map 3.) chiefly on coral islands and around Chillagoe.
Flowering period: August to December. Fruiting period: November to May.
Notes and Observations: Several sterile senescing specimens from Western Australia and Northern Territory have been provisionally placed in this species on the basis of leaf pubescence and shape, however further collections preferably obtained before the onset of the dry season are required for clarification. This species which is closely related to C. acris may be distinguished by a number of characters: the length/breadth ratio of the central leaflet is 0.96 + 0.12, compared with that for C. acris (1.47 + 0.4); the filaments are much narrower; 1-3-celled hairs are present at the junction of the style and the top of the ovary, as well flowering occurs on new growth before the leaves have fully expanded. This species also appears to flower more frequently if the number of flowering specimens in collections is any indication. However sterile senescing specimens cannot be assigned absolutely to either species.
This species has been previously misidentified as C. grandifolia, however the type specimen of this species is less pubescent, although flowers in reasonable condition were unavailable, the leaves on the specimens were fully expanded.
§. Cayratia acris (F.Muell.) Domin in Fedde, Repert. 11: 294 (1912). Syntypes: Richmond R., Beckler (MEL,K); Burnett and Pine Rivers, Mueller (MEL,K).
Vitis acris F.Muell., Fragm. 11: 75 (1860); Benth., Fl. Austral. 1: 449 (1863); F.M.Bailey, Qd Fl. 1: 281 (1899); C. Moore, Handb. Fl. N.S.W., 213 (1893). Cissus acris (F.Muell.) Planchon in A. & C.DC., Monogr. Phan. 5: 576 (1887).
Cissus grandifolia Warburg, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 18: 199 (1894). Type: Kelana, 6 Aug 1888, Hellwig 125 (K).
Cayratia grandifolia (Warb.) Merrill and Perry, J. Arnold Arbor. 22: 378 (1941).
Robust vine with rounded stems bearing uniseriate, spreading 4-15-celled hairs resulting in a whitish appearance when young. Tendrils bifid, usually pubescent. Plants occasionally deciduous. Leaves trifoliolate. Central leaflet usually broadly lanceolate to ovate, apex acuminate to cuspidate, base rarely strongly cordate, (12.6—)16.2(-23.5) cm X (7-)11.3(—18.2) cm; lateral leaflets oblique (10.5-)14.6(-21.5) cm X (6.6-)10.4(-17) cm. Margins with
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Fig. 4. Cayratia eurynema: A. \eaf X 0.5. B. seed, ventral surface showing the position of the raphe X 5. C. seed, dorsal surface showing the shape and position of the perichalaza x 5. D,. median transverse section of mature seed X 7.5. C. japonica: E. leaf X 0.5. F. seed, ventral surface showing position of the raphe x 5, G. seed, dorsal surface showing the position and shape of the perichalaza <x 5. H. median transverse section of mature seed X 10. C. clematidea: J. leaf and leaf-opposed inflorescence X 0.5. J. seed, ventral surface showing the position of the raphe X 5. K. seed, dorsal surface showing the position and shape of the perichalaza < 5. L. median transverse section of mature seed X 10. (e — lignified endotesta).
375
numerous shallow serrations on each side of the midrib. Upper surface with uniseriate 4-10-celled hairs, at maturity these are usually associated with the raised veins, sparse elsewhere, lower surface usually densely pubescent, both costally and intercostally, hairs 4-10-celled, straight to curved. Central petiolule (2—)4.1(-5.9) cm long; lateral petiolules (0.7-)1.7(-3.5) cm long. Petiole (4.6-)8.3(-17.8) cm long, small hairs usually associated with the slightly swollen base, lenticels inconspicuous. Stipules triangular, glabrous, i mm long. Inflorescence axillary with 2-3 primary branches, cymose corymbiform, ca 25 cm X 20 cm; peduncle ca 10 cm long. Calyx spreading. Corolla often papillose, 1.5-2 mm X 1.5 mm, pale green to yellowish. Filaments 0.75 mm long, flattened, anthers 0.75 mm long. Disc thick, membranous rim extending well above the ovary. Berry creamy- white, drying brown, ovoid, 1 cm diameter. Seeds 1~4 per fruit, rounded, 5-6 mm X 4-5 mm, endosperm in transverse section U-shaped. Figs. 2C, 3E—-H.
Representative Specimens Examined. Northern Territory. South of Bushman’s Camp and north of Channel Point, north of Daly River, 13°15’S, 129°58’E, May 1978, Webb & Tracey 12215 (BRI,;CANB). Queensland. Cook DisTRIcT: Thursday Island, Feb 1984, Garnett (BRI,JCT); Mcliwraith Range ca 14 miles [22.4 km] ENE of Coen, Oct 1962, Smith 11852 (BRI). NORTH KENNEDY District: Cardstone, W of Tully, Jul 1979, Jackes (JCT). PoRT Curtis District: Mount Etna via Rockhampton, May 1971, Webb & Tracey 10724 (BRI); Rosedale near Baffle Creek, Apr 1920, White (BRI). DARLING Downs District: Cawdor, near Toowoomba, Jan 1976, Gilbert (BRI). New South Wales. NoRTH Coast: Wilson Park, Lismore, Jan 1977, Floyd 195 (NSW); Byron Bay, Nov 1903, Maiden & Boorman (NSW). |
Specimens from 57 Australian localities were examined.
Distribution and Habitat: Found from Northern New South Wales to the tip of Cape York, Queensland, (Map 4.) and into New Guinea as well as isolated localities in the Northern Territory. It is found chiefly in rainforest and to a lesser extent in semi- deciduous vine thickets and riverine gullies. This species appears to be deciduous under marginal conditions.
Flowering period: October-—May. Fruiting period: March.
Notes and Observations: This species occurs in New Guinea where it was described as Cissus grandifolia by Warburg (1894). Careful examination of Hellwig 125 (K) marked ‘det. by Warburg’ and Branderhorst 142 (K) cited by Lauterbach (1925) failed to separate this material from specimens of C. acris. Unfortunately the material is scrappy and as the majority of specimens of C. acris are vegetative, confusion has existed between this species and C. cardiophylla which has till now been misidentified as C. grandifolia. Merrill and Perry (1941) noted ‘that the pubescence on the lower surface of the leaves is confined to the midrib and the larger nerves’, whereas Warburg (1894) described the lower surface as pubescent.
6. Cayratia eurynema B.L.Burtt, Bull. Misc. Inform.: 179 (1939). Type: Comboyne, N.S.W., May 1935, E.C.Chisholm (holo: K; iso: BRI, L.MO,NSW); para: Dorrigo, Jan 1936, L. Frazer (8).
Scrambling vine, stems angular, pubescent, hairs often reddish. Tendrils 3—5-fid, pubescent when young. Tuber absent, but extensive underground system present. Leaves pedate, 5 leaflets, soft. Central leaflet obovate-elliptical, apex acuminate-apiculate, oblique at base, (4.8-)8.6(-14) cm xX (3-)4.2(-8) cm; lateral leaflets broad, oblique, upper lateral (5.2-)9.3(-13.5) cm (3-)4.4(-7.2) cm; lower lateral (4-)6(—10) cm X (1.9-)3.1(—6) cm. Margins with numerous serrations on both sides of the midrib. Upper surface sparsely pubescent, hairs uniseriate 3-16-celled reddish, chiefly associated with the veins; hairs on lower surface similar but denser. Central petiolule channelled, (1.2—)2.2(-4.3) cm long; lateral petiolule (0.3-)0.8(-1.8) cm long. Petiole (4.2-)7.3(—12.5) cm long, ridged. Stipules triangular, 1.5-2 mm X | mm. Inflorescence axillary paniculate corymbiform, 2-3 primary branches, 12.5-15 cm long, peduncle 4-8.5 cm long, pubescent. Calyx pubescent. Corolla papillose, 2-3.5 mm X i-2 mm. Filaments 0.75 mm long, 0.5 mm - broad, anthers 0.75 mm long, thecae diverge slightly at the base. Berry black, slightly compressed 8 mm X 6-8 mm. Seeds | rarely 2 per fruit, boat-shaped, 5 mm X 5 mm, 2 very shallow grooves present on ventral surface, endosperm in transverse section shallowly T-shaped. Fig. 4A-D.
Representative Specimens Examined. Queensiand, MORETON District: Blackall Range, Apr 1918, White (BRD); Mount Glorious, Moreton District, Jan 1945, Clemens (BRI,GH,K); New.South Wales. NortH Coast: Dorrigo Brush, Apr 1953, Vickery (NSW); Upper Williams River ca 7 miles [11.2 km] NNW of Salisbury, Aug 1960, Johnson (NSW). NORTHERN TABLELANDS: Gibraltar Range, 80 km NE of Glen Innes, Jun 1963, Williams (NE).
376
Specimens from 19 localities were examined.
Distribution and Habitat: This species is usually found on rainforest margins in an area extending from Barrington Tops N.S.W. (32°10/S, 151°30’E) to North of Brisbane (Map 5.). It has also been collected in. the Blackall Ranges.
Flowering period: January to April. Fruiting period: May.
Notes and Observations: This species is easily distinguished by the oblique base of the central leaflet, the reddish hairs on the soft leaves, the broad, thick staminal filament and the anther thecae which diverge slightly at the base.
7. Cayratia japonica (Thunb.) Gagnep. Notul. Syst. (Paris) 1: 349 (1911).
Vitis japonica Thunb., Fl. Japan 104 (1784); F.M.Bailey, Qd Fl. 1: 281 (1899). Type: not seen.
Cissus japonica Wilid., Sp. Pl. 1: 659 (1797); DC., Prodr. 1: 632 (1824); Planchon in A. & C.DC., Monogr. Phan. 5: 561 (1887).
Columella japonica (Thunb.) Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci. 13: 145 (1918). Vitis mollis Wall. Cat. No. 6025 (K). Cissus obovata Lawson in J.D.Hook., Fl. Brit. India 1: 658 (1875).
Scrambling vine, stems ridged, often reddish when young, hairs chiefly at nodes. Tendrils 2~3-fid, ridged, usually glabrous. Tuber small or absent, plant rarely deciduous, extensive underground root system, which suckers readily. Leaves pedate with $5 leaflets. Central leaflet broadly-lanceolate to ovate, apex acuminate-cuspidate, base rounded, (5.2-)8.1(-11) cm X (2.6-)3.7(-5.7) cm; lateral leaflets oblique; upper laterals (2.9-)6.8(-11) cm X (1.9-)3.2(-4.8) cm; lower laterals (2.7-)4.8(-8) cm X (1.5-)2.7(-4.2) cm. Margins serrated sometimes sharply on both sides of the midrib. Upper surface pubescent, hairs uniseriate 5-7-celled, chiefly confined to the veins at maturity. Lower surface pubescent, hairs uniserlate 7-14-celled, longer ones usually associated with the veins. Sometimes densely pubescent often with a rusty tinge. Central petiolule ridged, (1.1-)2.1(-3.5) cm long; lateral petiolules ridged, (0.3-)0.9(-1.8) cm long. Petiole ndged, (2.6-)5.6(-9.2) cm long. Stipules triangular, 2-3(-5) mm x 1-1.5 mm. Inflorescence axillary, 3 primary branches, cymose corymbiform, (5-)8(-14) cm X (1-)3(-5) cm, peduncle (3-)6(-11) cm long. Calyx papillose, shortly lobed. Corolla papillose, 1.5-2 mm long, thickened on the back near the apex, greenish-white to yellowish. Filaments 0.5—0.75 mm long, anthers 0.5 mm long. Disc thick. Berry purplish-blue to black, depressed-globular 7-10 mm X 4—6 mm. Seeds 2~4 per fruit, trigonal, 3.5-5 mm X 3~4 mm; 2 shallow grooves on the ventral side, endosperm in transverse section T-shaped. Figs. 4E—H.
Representative Specimens Examined. Queensland. Cook District: fron Range, Jun 1948, Brass 19067 (A,;CANB,K,L); Gap Creek, 38 km S by E of Cooktown, Sep 1960, Smith 11222 (BRI,L); Yarrabah, Jan 1910, Domin 6408 (PR). NorRTH KENNEDY District: | mile {1.6 km] E of Ravenshoe, Jun 1975, Stocker 1230 (QRS); Bluewater Forestry Reserve, N of Townsville, Sep 1978, Jackes (A,DNA,JCT,K,L,MEL). SouTH KENNEDY DsstTrict: Dalrymple Heights, W of Mackay, Aug 1977, Jackes (BRLJCT). BURNETT District: Cania Gorge ca 37 km NW of Monto, Nov 1976, Stanley (BRI). WIDE Bay District: Kin Kin, Sep 1919, Francis (BRI). MorETON District: Mount Glorious in rainforest, May 1951, Blake 18756 (BRI).
Specimens from 58 Australian localities were examined.
Distribution and Habitat: This species 1s widespread in the Asian countries extending from Annam, north to Korea and east to New Caledonia. In Australia it is found along the east coast of Queensland (Map 6.) from just north of Brisbane to the tip of Cape York usually as a trailing or climbing vine 3-4 m high along rainforest margins. Soils various.
Flowering period: all months of the year. Fruiting period: all months of the year.
Notes and Observations: This is a variable species, with some plants densely pubescent, whilst others are almost glabrous. Multibranched tendrils are sometimes found, and these have also been recorded for C. eurynema and C. clematidea.
377
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Maps 1-3. |. Cayratia maritima. 2. C. trifolia. 3. C. cardiophylla.
378
8. Cayratia clematidea (F.Muell.) Domin in Fedde, Repert. 11: 264 (1912).
Vitis clematidea F.Muell., Fragm. 2: 74 (1860), Lectotype (designated here): Clarence River, Beckler (MEL 540138; isolecto: K); lectopara: Brisbane R., Mueller (MEL,K,P); F.Muell., Fragm 5: 210 (1866); F.Muell., Fragm. 6: 177 (1868); F.Muell., Fragm. 9: 126 (1875); Benth., Fl. Austral. 1: 449 (1863); F.M.Bailey, Qd FI. 1: 282 (1899).
Cissus clematidea (F.Muell.) Planchon in A. & C.DC., Monogr. Phan. 5: 566 (1887).
Weakly scrambling, sometimes climbing vine, stems ridged, pubescent when young, hairs pale uniseriate 5-12-celled. Tendrils 2-3-fid, ridged, rarely pubescent. Tuber present, plant often deciduous. Leaves pedate with 5 leaflets, soft. Central leaflet broadly lanceolate- ovate, apex acuminate, base cuneate sometimes rounded, (2-)4.3(-8) cm X (1-)2.2(—4.2)cm; lateral leaflets oblique, upper laterals (1.8-)3.3(-6) cm X (1-)1.9(-3.4) cm; lower laterals (1.1-)2.5(-5.6) cm X (0.6-)1.6(-3) cm. Margins serrated on both sides of the midrib sometimes coarsely. Upper and lower surfaces with uniserate 5-12-celled hairs, chiefly associated with the veins at maturity. Central petiolule ridged, (0.6-)1.5(-3) cm long; lateral petiolule ridged, (0.3-)0.5(—-1) cm long. Petiole (1.5~)3.4(-9) cm long. Stipules narrow triangular, 3.5-5 mm X i-1.5 mm. Inflorescence leaf-opposed or pseudoaxillary, usually 3 primary branches, cymose, corymbiform, (3-)6(-11) cm xX (2~)5(-7) cm, peduncle (2—)4(—9) cm long, pubescent. Calyx short. Corolla papillose, 1.5-2 mm long, green to yellowish-green. Filaments 0.75 mm long, anthers 0.75 mm long. Disc entire, pink when fresh. Berry black, depressed globular, 6-7 mm X< 4 mm. Seeds 1-4 per fruit, 3.5-4 mm X 3.5-4 mm, 2 very shallow grooves on the ventral side, endosperm in transverse section T-shaped. Fig. 4I-L.
Representative Specimens Examined. Queensland. NORTH KENNEDY DisTRicT: Paynes Lagoon, i100 km W of Townsville, Jun 1981, Jackes (BRLJCT,QRS). SoutH KENNEDY District: Dalrymple Heights, Sep-Nov 1947, Clemens (K), LEICHHARDT District: Blackdown Tableland, ca 35 km SE Blackwater, Sep 1971, Henderson, Durrington & Sharpe (BRI). MORETON District: Montville, May 1943, Blake 14956 (BRI); Brisbane River, Mar 1933, White 8648 (A,BRI,K). New South Wales. NoRTH Coast: Tweed District, Mar 1896, Betche (NSW); Seal Rocks, 20 miles {32 a E of Buladelah, Aug 1965, Briggs (NSW); Williams River about 40 miles [64 km] N of Singleton, Jan 1963, Pullen 3753 (CANB). CENTRAL COAST: Prospect, May 1905, Cambage (NSW), Shoalhaven River, Jan 1932, Rodway 685 (K,NSW). NORTHERN TABLELANDS: Mole River crossing, north of Silent Grove or NSW Nov 1965, Williams (JCT,NE). NORTH WEsT SLOPES: Cranky Rock, Warialda, Aug 1906, upp
Specimens from 98 localities examined.
Distribution and Habitat: Usually found in moist shaded area, often on the edge of rainforest, climbing over rocks and shrubs. It extends from southern New South Wales to west of Townsville in north Queensland (Map 7.). Soils various.
Flowering period: Most of the year though predominately in summer. Fruiting period: Most of the year though predominately in autumn.
Notes and Observations: This species is readily distinguished from C. japonica by the usually smaller leaves the margins of which are often sharply serrated, and the leaflet a usually cuneate, the long narrow stipules, and the petals which are rarely thickened at the apex.
Acknowledgements
I would like to thank the Directors of all the Herbaria who have very kindly lent or allowed me access to their collections. I am indebted to Mr L. Pedley for preparing the Latin descriptions. The scanning electron micrographs were taken by Mrs H. Winsor. My husband’s assistance 1s gratefully acknowledged.
References DOMIN, K. (1927). Beitrage zur Flora und Pflanzengeographie Australiens. Bibliotheca Botanica 89: 921 & 923. GAGNEPAIN, F. (1911). Classification des Cissus et Cayratia. In Lecomte, Notulae Systematicae 1: 339-343.
GALET, P. (1967). Reserches sur les methodes d’identification et declassification des Vitacees des zones temperces. Doctoral thesis. Montpellier.
maT? ( ri ), Studies in Malesian Vitaceae V. The genus Cayratia in the Malay Peninsula. Sains Malaysiana ; 129-139,
379 LAUTERBACH, C. (1925). Die Vitaceen Papuasiens. Botanische Jahrbucherfur Systematik 59: 505-534. eka in cee & PERRY, L.M. (1941). Plantae Papuanae Archboidianae VII. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum : 375-—388.
SMITH, A.C. (1942). Fijian Plant Studies Hl. Sargentia 1: 55-57. WARBURG, O. (1894). Plantae Hellwigianae. In Engler, Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik 18: 199.
NZ s @ 4 ‘ ‘ + 4 é “of @ 5 ‘ 3} b 7 . * - © e
Maps 4-7. 4. Cayratia acris. 5. @ C. saponaria, O C. eurynema. 6. C. japonica. 7. C. clematidea.
380
Austrobaileya 2(4): 380-400 (1987)
ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF QUEENSLAND HEPATICAE
J. Windolf 53 Pandanus Avenue, Coolum Beach, Qld 4573
Summary
A checklist is presented of all current binomials known from Queensland, together with synonyms relative to Queensland specimens or literature dealing specifically with such specimens. Footnotes are employed to expand on points of particular interest and a table of distributions is given, based on a proposal using four regional divisions. Genera in the checklist are numbered consecutively and are cross-referenced to an alphabetical index of genera. Notes on the history of hepatic research in Queensland and on the principal collections of Queensland Specimens are also included.
History of hepatic research in Queensland
Throughout approximately 150 years of European settlement in Queensland, up to the 1970’s, hepatic research has been confined to very limited collecting both in terms of the number of specimens obtained and the geographical area covered (Everist 1982). This work was undertaken by no more than a dozen people who, apart from one or two exceptions, were not directly involved with nor had any particular interest in hepatics as such. Only within the last decade has any comprehensive approach been attempted and as a result our understanding of the species present, their distributions, habitats, ecological peculiarities and affinities with overseas taxa is still very much in the formative Stage.
The first positive mention of Queensland hepatics was made by F.M. Bailey soon after he became Colonial Botanist in 1881. Bailey was a man of almost unlimited energy and he found time to indulge an interest in the lower plants as well as carrying out his more formal work assignments. Most of his collecting was done in south-eastern Queensland but he made one trip to the northern Queensland rainforests of the Bellenden Ker Range area which resulted in a considerable number of new taxa being discovered. Other collectors of hepatics at this time include C.J. Wild, C.J. Gwyther, J. Shirley and J.H.Simmonds. Apart from listing the taxa found, Bailey did not systematically study the local hepatic flora. Most specimens were sent overseas for identification, the majority to Stephani in Leipzig, East Germany who retained any types and specimens of particular interest.
Since Bailey’s work at the turn of the century virtually no interest was taken in hepatics for over 60 years. During 1963/64 Dr H.J. Hewson, Bureau of Fauna and Flora, Canberra, made extensive collections of Aneura and Riccardia in northern Queensland as a foundation for her revision of the family Aneuraceae in Australia and New Guinea (Hewson 1969, 1970). In the late 1970's a few visiting bryologists, realizing that Australia and in particular Queensland contained a vast storehouse of understudied material, did some minor collecting. However, most amounted to little more than one or two day recreational type excursions and largely covered the same ground as Bailey and his associates nearly a century before. It is only within the last six years that properly organized, extensive collecting has been undertaken. From 1980 onward I have system- atically collected the area between Brisbane and Rockhampton and have lodged checklists with the Queensland Herbarium (BRI). I have studied habitat and ecological relationships in some environmentally significant areas and also reviewed and collated the collection of the Queensland Herbarium. Other notable collections have been made by Dr Marie L. Hicks of the Appalachian State University, in the rainforest belt between Tully and Daintree and Dr Barbara M. Thiers of New York Botanic Gardens in preparation for her pending review of the family Lejeuneaceae in Australia.
In spite of the limited amount of time and effort that has been expended on Queensland hepatics, a relatively comprehensive catalogue of taxa is now known, drawn mainly from the South and North Coast Regions (Map 1.). This paper aims to present such information as is currently available in the hope that it will help stimulate interest
38]
in further collecting, particularly in the more neglected areas such as the Central Coast Region, Cape York Peninsula and the Gulf Country.
Collections of Queensland Hepaticae
The Queensland Herbarium collection numbers about 650 specimens of Australian hepatics, over half of which date from last century. Many of these are in poor condition and very few are suitable for serious taxonomic work. Approximately one third of the early collections are from interstate, having been supplied to Bailey for comparative purposes. Many were not clearly marked and it is often difficult to tell which are Queensland specimens. Hewson provided the Herbarium with some 80 specimens of Aneura and Riccardia following her collecting in the 1960’s, among them several isotypes. The majority of the recent acquisitions were donated by me, and I also maintain an extensive personal collection of Fru/lania as well as representative specimens of other Queensland species.
Overseas herbaria which contain sizable collections of Queensland material include the Cryptogamic Herbarium, New York Botanic Gardens, New York, U.S.A. (NY), Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, U.S.A. (BOON), and the Her- barium of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory, Nichinan-shi, Japan (NICH). Duplicates of many of my specimens have been sent to these institutions. The Conservatorie et Jardin Botaniques, Geneva, Switzerland (G) houses the many type specimens of endemic Queensland species which were included in the Stephani Collection.
Total geographical area covered
The total area covered comprises the political entity of the State of Queensland which includes the Torres Strait Islands, the various islands and cays of the Great Barrier Reef, the offshore islands of the southern coast such as Curtis, Fraser, Moreton, Stradbroke, etc., as well as the islands in the Gulf of Carpentaria east of the longitude of the Queensiand/Northern Territory border (Map 1.).
Regional divisions
For the purposes of depicting distribution patterns, the overall area is divided into four regions based on physical and climatic characteristics (Map 1.). In line with the Bureau of Meteorology (1977) regional classification based on rainfall, the initial division corresponds to the easternmost watershed created by the Great Dividing Range and forms the boundary between the Coastal and Inland sections. Preliminary studies show that to the east of this line, the hepatic population is primarily dominated by moisture loving taxa of the Order Jungermanniales, while to the west there is a limited range of species drawn from what are generally regarded as the xeromorphic genera (Targionia, Riccia, etc.) of the Order Marchantiales. The Coastal section is further subdivided into three regions, the South Coast, Central Coast and North Coast. The boundaries between these regions are in the vicinity of Rockhampton and Ayr and again correspond to those of the meteorological districts. There does not seem to be any justification in further sub-dividing the Inland section.
The wetter areas supporting the most diversified and prolific hepatic flora tend to occur towards the centre of each coastal region, while the boundary areas equate closely with belts of lower rainfall. As a result the number and range of taxa in the vicinity of the boundaries is small, thus suggesting the concept of natural hepatic regions corresponding to the regional divisions of the State proposed here.
Arrangement of the checklist The classification employed in the arrangement of the checklist is that of Schuster (1979). The primary reasons for choosing this system are:
a. It is based on widely accepted, modern views regarding the evolution of the Hepaticae.
b. Detailed descriptions of the taxa are in readily available publications.
c. It lends itself to herbarium use in that it is compatible with other systems already established in various overseas herbaria.
382
In this system Schuster set down seven Orders within the Hepaticae. Of these only three have been reported from Queensland: Jungermanniales, Metzgeriales and Marchantiales. The checklist is divided into sections corresponding to these Orders and 1s then further subdivided according to Schuster’s arrangement for families and genera. The names of the Orders are in BOLD CAPITALS and the names of families and genera are in bold Upper and lower case. Species and any subspecific taxa are subsequently arranged alphabetically.
Taxa reported in recognized literature or known to exist aS specimens are consid- ered legitimate. Synonoms relative to Queensland specimens or names under which these specimens have been recorded are given in italics immediately beneath the current name. Specimen references are given for all taxa cited as sp.
All genera in the checklist are numbered consecutively with the numbers cross- referencing to the alphabetical index of genera following the checklist.
Abbreviations used in the checklist
STH(S) South Coast Region
CNT(C} Central Coast Region Species reliably reported to occur in that region. NTH(N) North Coast Region
INL(I) Inland Region
? Report of species in that particular region is either not considered reliable
or the locality is not positively known and its occurrance in that region is presently tentative.
+ Little is known about the reported occurrance of this species in Queensland and its inclusion should be treated cautiously pending further investigation.
12.3: Cross-reference numbering, for genera.
(1) (2) Footnote numbering.
Reliability of information
As many reports of Queensland hepatics date back almost a hundred years and are often contained in obscure and difficult to obtain literature, not all have been personally investigated. In some cases it has been necessary to resort to second-hand information but every attempt has been made to ascertain the reliability of all data used. Only comprehensive revisions of families and genera involving detailed comparative studies with overseas specimens can resolve the many taxonomic and nomenclatural problems which remain. A list of the literature used in compiling the checklist is given in Appendix A.
Acknowledgements
Acknowledgement for their assistance in providing valuable details of their par- ticular specialities as well as general information and encouragement is due to George Scott, Barbara Thiers, Marie Hicks, Sinski Hattori, Kohsaku Yamada, Hiroshi Inoue, Ella Campbell, Riclef Grolle and Philip Sharpe as well as the Director and staff of the Queensland Herbarium, in particular Estelle Ross.
References
BUREAU OF METEOROLOGY (1977). Rainfall Statistics, Australia (Metric Edition), Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.
EVERIST, S.L. (1982). History of the Queensland Herbarium and Botanical Library, 1855-1975. Austrobaileya 1: 429-445,
HEWSON, H.J. (1969). The family Aneuraceae in Australia and New Guinea. I. The genus Aneura. Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 94: 173-193.
HEWSON, H.J. (1970). The family Aneuraceae in Australia and New Guinea. II. The genus Riccardia. Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 95: 60-121.
SCHUSTER, R.M. (1979). The Phylogeny of the Hepaticae. In G.S.C. Clark and J.G. Duckett (eds.), Bryophyte Systematics: 71-82. London: Academic Press.
383
New. Guinea
=~
—_— “SJ . _— — Torres Strait )
cel do : ' Gulf of Coral Sea | Carpentaria = titi ta N Ite ~. NORTH | *% Ne \ | \ y Ss ‘pHownsville | Charters Towers®’s._ q S | eCloncurry *y CENTRAL , Eungella’e_ Mackay COAST NORTHERN Ly TERARTONSY sailed \ Pa A 3 | Longreache Finaralets és Rockhampton - Fitzroy River| | \ | QUEENSLAND eundapergs i, oO e Charleville SOUTH eure | Bunya Mts\t COAST : AUSTRALIA | Toowoombas, = \7_ \ Brigbane Lo ety mace “teas, eet ees ft la: wed | NEW SOUTH WALES
State boundaries —- — — — — — Division boundaries —:—:—--—:—-:~—--:--—-
Map 1. Queensland showing proposed regional hepatic divisions.
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384
CHECKLIST AND DISTRIBUTION OF TAXA
Botanical Name Region
STH CNT NTH INL NOTES
JUNGERMANNIALES
Trichocoleaceae
1. Trichocolea Dumort.
T. pluma (Reinw., Blume & Nees) Mont. N Jungermannia pluma Reinw., Blume & Nees
Lepidoziaceae
2. Lepidozia (Dumort.) Dumort.
L. eeni S. Arnell N t
L. laevifolia (J.D.Hook. & Tayl.) Tayl. S N Jungermannia laevifolia J.D.Hook. & Tayl.
L. procera Mitt. N
L. sp. (Windolf 739, 1136) S
3. Kurzia von Martens
K. calcarata (Steph.) Grolle S t Lepidozia calcarata Steph.
K. compacta (Steph.) Grolle S Lepidozia compacta Steph.
K. hippurioides (J.D.Hook. & Tayl.) Grolle S Jungermannia hippurioides J.D.Hook. & Tayl. Lepidozia capillaris (Sw.) Lindenb.
K. lateconica (Steph.) Grolle N t Lepidozia lateconica Steph. Microlepidozia lateconica (Steph.) Fulf. & J.Tayl.
K. reversa (Carr. & Pears.) Grolle S Lepidozia reversa Carr. & Pears. Psiloclada reversa (Carr. & Pears.) Schiffn. 4. Telaranea Spr. ex Schiffn. T. capilligera (Schwaegr.) Schust. S t (1) Jungermannia capilligera Schwaegr. Lepidozia capilligera (Schwaegr.) Lindenb. T. centipes (Tayl.ex Gott., Lindenb. & Nees) Schust. S Lepidozia centipes Tayl. ex Gott., Lindenb. & Nees
T. dispar (Mont.) Hodgs. S Lepidozia dispar Mont.
(1) Possibly conspecific with Telaranea dispar (Scott 1985).
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T. tetradactyla (J.D.Hook & Tayl.) Hodgs. N t (2) Jungermannia tetradactyla J.D.Hook. & Tayl.
5. Bazzania S.F.Gray
B. accreta (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Trev. N (3) Mastigobryum accretum Lehm. & Lindenb. B. adnexa (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Trev. S C N (4)
Jungermannia adnexa Lehm. & Lindenb.
Mastigobryum novae-hollandiae Lindenb. & Gott. ex Nees
B. baileyana (Steph.) Steph. ex Rodw. S Mastigobryum baileyanum Steph.
B. filiformis Steph. N t Mastigobryum filiforme (Steph.) Steph.
B. involuta (Mont.) Trev. S C N (5) Herpetium involutum Mont.
B. mitten (Steph.) Steph. S N t Mastigobryum mittenii Steph.
B. novae-zelandiae (Mitt.) Besch. & Massal. N t Mastigobryum novae-zelandiae Mitt.
6. Acromastigum Evs.
A. colensoanum (Mitt.) Evs. ex Reim. N Mastigobryum colensoanum Mitt.
7. Zoopsis (J.D.Hook. & Tayl.) J.D.Hook.
Z. argentea (J.D.Hook. & Tayl.) J.D.Hook. S C N
Jungermannia argentea J.D.Hook. & Tayl. Cephalozia argentea (J.D.Hook & Tayl.) Lindenb.
Z. setulosa Leit. S N Cephalozia setulosa (Leit.) Spr.
8. Hyalolepidozia S.Arnell H. sp. aff. H. longiscypha (Tayl.) Grolle (Windolf 569,570) S$
Cephaloziellaceae
9. Cephaloziella (Spr.) Schiffn.
C. arctica Bryhn & Douin S
C. exiliflora (Tayl.) Douin S Jungermannia exiliflora Tay)l.
C. hirta (Steph.) Schust. S
Cephalozia hirta Steph.
(2) Possibly a misidentification for Telaranea dispar but because of its great geographical separation from other confirmed occurrences of that species, it has been retained here.
(3,4,5) All three species are possibly conspecific according to Scott (1985) but considering the poor understanding . the genus in Australia, all names under which Queensland specimens have been recorded have been listed ere.
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Jackiellaceae 10. Jackiella Schifin. J. javanica Schiffn. Jungermanniaceae